Introduction to Parasitology

Question 1

is a specialized branch of ecology

Answer 1

Parasitology

Question 2

is the study of organisms living within a specialized environment

Answer 2

Parasitology

Question 3

is usually not obligatory, but it reflects a relationship in which one species of organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

Answer 3

Commensalism

Question 4

is a relationship in which one species of organism lives on or with another organism, with the parasite living at the expense of and often causing harm to the host

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Parasitism

Question 5

The study of parasites and hosts interaction is called

Answer 5

Parasitology

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are living organisms that are associated with food for all or part of their life cycle.

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Parasites

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are organisms providing food for parasites

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Hosts

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Parasitology involves:

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◼ Biology of parasites
◼ Variation of life cycles among parasites
◼ Methods of invasion
◼ Migration and maturation within the hosts
◼ Effect of parasites upon the hosts
◼ Host reactions and responses
◼ Methods of escape from the hosts
◼ Distribution of the parasites

Question 9

Types of Parasites:

Answer 9

• Endoparasite
• Ectoparasite
• Facultative parasite
• Accidental parasite

Question 10

lives inside the host

Answer 10

Endoparasite

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lives on or in the skin

Answer 11

Ectoparasite

Question 12

free-living organism that can become parasitic if it is accidentally ingested or enters a wound or other body opening.

Answer 12

Facultative parasite

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normally live in or on a host other than humans, and these parasites do not survive long in an unnatural human host

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Accidental parasite

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Types of Host

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• Definitive host
• Intermediate host
• Transport host
• Reservoir host

Question 15

one in which the parasite reaches sexual or reproductive maturity

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Definitive host

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is one that harbors parasites that engage in asexual
reproduction

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Intermediate host

Question 17

one that harbors a parasite that does not reproduce but merely goes on to infect a new host

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Transport host

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may harbor a parasite that is also infective for humans

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Reservoir host

Question 19

are microscopic one-celled organisms that are categorized according to their method of movements

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Protozoans

Question 20

the only parasitic ciliate that causes disease in humans is

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Balantidium coli

Question 21

three of the most common and medically significant Flagellates include:

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Giardia lamblia, Trypanosome sp. and Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 22

Classification of Parasites

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• Amoeba
• Metazoans
• Arthropods

Question 23

Amoeba –include the pathogenic amoeba ____________________________ which cause dysentery in humans

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Entamoeba and Endolimax

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are multicellular worm-like invertebrates

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Metazoans

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Helminths

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◼ Cestodes (flatworms)
◼ Nematodes (roundworms)
◼ Trematodes (flukes)

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possess a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages

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Arthropods

Question 27

Host Parasites

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Insects
- mosquitoes, lice, and fleas
Arachnids
- ticks and mites

Question 28

Effects of Parasites to the Hosts

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◼ Mechanical damage
◼ Migration through tissues
◼ Nutrition
◼ Toxins
◼ Immunosuppression
◼ Pathogenic

Question 29

hosts which the parasites survives and the host may suffer as
a result of the presence of parasite

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Susceptible hosts

Question 30

is resistant to the parasite

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Non-susceptible hosts

Question 31

the accumulation o f numerous individuals of a particular species in one host.

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Asexual phase

Question 32

the mature phase ofparasite’s life cycle

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Sexual phase