Protozoan

Question 1

what is the largest and most versatile group of antifungals?

Answer 1

• Azoles - some agents can be applied systemically and topically
• ex. fluconazole. interferes with synthesis of ergosterol

Question 2

Antifungal: amphotericin B

Answer 2

monitor kidney and liver function!! hepatotoxic.

Question 3

Which antifungal is most commonly prescribed for oral yeast infections (candidiasis)?

Answer 3

Drug for superficial fungal infections; most available OTC, topical applications. Severe infections treated PO. Superficial antifungal drugs safer than systemic counterparts
Nystatin (nyaderm) – binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores in membrane and allowing intracellular components to leak out of the cell

Question 4

Why are protozoa difficult to treat once infected by them?

Answer 4

Difficult to treat because of different life cycle stages.
Trophozoite stage and cyst stage
- Trophozoite – active, growing stage during which the organism feeds
Cysts – protective capsules in which organism remains dormant for prolonged periods

Question 5

Which medication can be used to treat both bacterial and parasitic infections?

Answer 5

• Metronidazole: Binds to DNA and disrupts helical structure, preventing DNA synthesis, causing cell death

Question 6

What is a common side effect of this medication and how can it be mitigated?

Answer 6

Serious: seizures. Peripheral neuropathy
Patient to report adverse effects including seizures, numbness, nausea, vomiting, hives or itching
Monitor CNS toxicity, manifesting as seizures and peripheral neuropathy

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of antifungal drugs:

Answer 7

• Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
• Disruption of membrane integrity
• Disruption of microtubule formation
• Inhibition of B-glucan synthesis; B-glucans are polysaccharides in fungus cell walls
• Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis