Protozoa (Malaria)

Question 1

Causative agent of Malaria

Answer 1

P. falcifarum –common in Philippines
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale
P. knowlesi

Question 2

Infective stage in man

Answer 2

Sporozoites

Question 3

Infective stage in mosquito

Answer 3

Gametocyte

Question 4

True or False: Malaria remains among the top three causes of death world wide.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Mode of Transmission of Plasmodium spp.

Answer 5

Mosquito bite

Question 6

Schizogony in Plasmodia life cycle

Answer 6

Man

Question 7

Sporogony in Plasmodia life cycle

Answer 7

Mosquito

Question 8

Definitive host of Plasmodia

Answer 8

Mosquito (Female Anopheles)

Question 9

Intermediate host of Plasmodia

Answer 9

Man

Question 10

Three Malarial Paroxysm stages

Answer 10

Cold stage
Hot stage
Sweating stage

Question 11

Laboratory diagnosis of Malaria

Answer 11

1. Thick and thin blood smear –Giemsa or Wright (blood can be collected anytime of the day)
2. Serological Tests –IHA, IFA
3. Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) test –capillary tube coated with Acridine orange
4. Dipstick test –Para Sight F test
5. Antigen detection –HRP (Histidine Rich Protein)

Question 12

Major vector of Malaria

Answer 12

Anopheles minimus flavirostris

Question 13

Schuffner’s granules

Answer 13

P. vivax

Question 14

Causative agent of Benign tertian malaria

Answer 14

P. vivax and P. ovale

For P. ovale, it can also be called as “Ovale malaria)

Question 15

Maurer’s clefts

Answer 15

P. falciparum

Question 16

Causative agent of Malignant tertian malaria

Answer 16

P. falciparum

Question 17

Causative agent of Quartan malaria

Answer 17

P. malariae

Question 18

Zeimann’s stippling

Answer 18

P. malariae

Question 19

Jame’s dots

Answer 19

P. ovale

Question 20

Gametocyte is Banana-shaped/ crescent.

Answer 20

P. falciparum

Question 21

Recurrence of signs and symptoms of P. falciparum

Answer 21

Recrudescence

Question 22

This happen due to activation of hypnozoites in P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale.

Answer 22

Relapse

Question 23

Comma-shaped late trophozoite.

Answer 23

P. falciparum

Question 24

Responsible for most cases of severe malaria and death.

Answer 24

P. falciparum

Question 25

Most pathogenic of all malarial parasites.

Answer 25

P. falciparum

Question 26

Male malaria

Answer 26

Microgametocyte

Question 27

Female malaria

Answer 27

Macrogametocyte

Question 28

Banana-shaped/ crescent gametocyte

Answer 28

P. falciparum

Question 29

Asexual phase of P. falciparum

Answer 29

36-40 hrs

Question 30

Asexual phase of P. malariae

Answer 30

72 hrs

Question 31

Asexual phase of P. ovale

Answer 31

48 hrs

Question 32

Asexual phase of P. vivax

Answer 32

48 hrs

Question 33

Causative agent of Black water fever in Plasmodium spp.

Answer 33

P. falciparum

Question 34

Treatment for P. falciparum infection

Answer 34

a. Chloroquine-resistant areas: Quinine, Mefloquin, Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine
b. Chloroquine-sensitive areas: Chloroquine

Question 35

Treatment for P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae infection.

Answer 35

Chloroquine with primaquine

Question 36

Pathogenesis of Malaria

Answer 36

• Chills, fever, anemia
• Burst RBC’s, Hepatomegaly, Sleenomegaly
• Discoloration of spleen, Liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow

Question 37

Quotidian malaria

Answer 37

P. knowlesi

Question 38

Natural vector for monkeys in P. knowlesi infection.

Answer 38

Anopheles hackeri

Question 39

Stages of P. falciparum seen in peripheral blood

Answer 39

Ring forms and gametocyte

Question 40

Vaccine for Malaria

Answer 40

RTS,S/ASO1 (RTS,S)

Question 41

Epidemiology of Plasmodium spp.

Answer 41

-Diabolical insect transmission(vector)
Many reservoir and some host develops tolerance-Vector density and breeding areas(hard to control)
-New host can maintain cycle (tourists, children)
-Geography and changes in local climate can affect prevalence (global warming)