Protozoa (Intestinal and Genital Flagellates)

Question 1

Four common species of Intestinal flagellates

Answer 1

Giardia lamblia
Chilomatix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Enteromonas hominis

Question 2

A flagella that lives in the duodenum jejunum and upper ileum of humans

Answer 2

Giardia lamblia

Question 3

Two genital flagellates

Answer 3

Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas tenax

Question 4

Only pathogenic intestinal flagellates

Answer 4

Giardia lamblia

Question 5

Only protozoa with sucking disc for attachment.

Answer 5

Giardia lamblia

Question 6

True or False: Chilomastix mesnili has been shown to be related to “gay bowel syndrome”

Answer 6

False. G. lamblia has been shown to be related to “gay bowel syndrome”

Question 7

Causative agent of Giardiasis/Lambiasis

Answer 7

G. lamblia

Question 8

Pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped organism

Answer 8

Giardia lamblia

Question 9

Flagellate trophozoites that has “ jerky, falling leaf, kite-like” motion

Answer 9

Giardia lamblia

Question 10

Old man with eyeglasses, smiling face trophozoite

Answer 10

Giardia lamblia

Question 11

Infective stage of G. lamblia

Answer 11

Cysts

Question 12

Pathology of G. lamblia

Answer 12

• Intense inflammation –attachment of parasite in the intestinal mucosa
• steatorrhea
• passage of foul smelling and bulky stools

Question 13

Diagnostic stage of G. lamblia

Answer 13

Cysts and trophozoites

Question 14

Diagnosis of G. lamblia

Answer 14

• Direct fecal Smear: Trophozoite characterized by “floating-leaf like motility”
• Cyst: spotty shedding requires 3 examination
• Duodenal aspiration or biopsy may be done
• Entero-test:demonstration of trophozoites
• ELISA

Question 15

Treatment for G. lamblia infection

Answer 15

Metronidazole and Tinidazole

Question 16

Epidemiology of G. lamblia

Answer 16

Worldwide

Question 17

Prevention and control of G. lamblia

Answer 17

• Proper sanitary disposal of human excreta
• Avoid night soil fertilization
• Boiling of water upon drinking

Question 18

Mode of transmission of G. lambia

Answer 18

Ingestion of contaminated water, food or hands/fomites with infective cysts

Question 19

Lemon/nipple-shaped cysts

Answer 19

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 20

Has corkscrew motion

Answer 20

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 21

Trophozoite that has stiff-rotary fashion or corkscrew motion

Answer 21

C. mesnili

Question 22

Diagnostic stage of C. mesnili

Answer 22

Cysts and Trophozoites

Question 23

True or False: Chilomastix is commensal flagellates.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Infective stage of C. mesnili

Answer 24

Cyst

Question 25

True or False: Trichomonas spp. only has trophozoite.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Only pathogenic Trichomonas

Answer 26

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 27

Largest trichomonas

Answer 27

Trichomona vaginalis

Question 28

Mode of transmission of T. vaginalis

Answer 28

Sexual contract Infectious toilet sets Bed linens Towels

Question 29

Specimen for diagnosing T. vaginalis

Answer 29

Urine/vaginal, cervical, urethral discharge

Question 30

Infective stage of T. vaginalis

Answer 30

Trophozoites

Question 31

Habitat of T. vaginalis

Answer 31

GUT Vagina Prostate Epidydimis

Question 32

Pathology of T. vaginalis

Answer 32

* vaginal walls are inflammed * vaginal secretion is greenish yellow * intense itching of the vagina and burning sensation

Question 33

Diagnosis of T. vaginalis

Answer 33

1. Unstained wet preparation 2. Stained smear –Giemsa, Pap’s Romanowsky, Acridine Orange 3. Culture –Diamond’s modified medium, Feinberg and Whittington culture media

Question 34

Causative agent of Trichomoniasis/Urethritis/Vaginitis

Answer 34

T. vaginalis

Question 35

Treatment of T. vaginalis infection

Answer 35

Metronidazole | Tinidazole

Question 36

Control and prevention of T. vaginalis infection

Answer 36

- Using condoms - Limit no. of sex partner - Practice sexual abstinence - Infected individual should avoid sexual contact and see health care provider.

Question 37

Smallest trichomonas

Answer 37

Trichomonas tenax

Question 38

Trichonoma spp. that inhabits the oral cavity

Answer 38

Trichomonas tenax

Question 39

Trichomona spp. that inhabits the caecum

Answer 39

Trichomonas hominis

Question 40

Trichomona spp. that considered non pathogenic but its presence is usually indicative of poor oral hygienic.

Answer 40

Trichomonas tenax