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Parasitology > Protozoa (Intro to Amoeba) > Flashcards

Protozoa (Intro to Amoeba) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the species under the Order of Amoebida?

A 
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba hartmanni
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschlii
Acanthamoeba
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2
Q

What is the only specie under Order Schizopyrenida?

A

Naegleria

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3
Q

What is the organ of locomotion of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Pseudopodia

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4
Q

It is an organ of locomotion which are hyaline-foot-like extrusions from the ectoplasm.

A

Pseudopodia

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5
Q

It is the only pathogenic amoeba in the GIT.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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6
Q

What is excystation?

A

Formation of trophozoites

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7
Q

What is encystation?

A

Formation of cysts

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8
Q

It is the unicellular microscopic parasite.

A

Protozoa

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9
Q

What are the species under the Order Trichomonadida?

A

Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas gigivalis

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10
Q

What order does Chilomastix mesnili belong to?

A

Order Retormonadida

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11
Q

What is the organelle of locomotion of Class Zoomastigophora?

A

Flagella

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12
Q

What is the specie under Diplomonadida?

A

Giardia lamblia

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13
Q

What are the species of Genus Leishmania?

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania braziliense

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14
Q

What are the species of Genus Trypanosoma?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodisiense

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15
Q

It is a whip-like structures arising from the ectoplasm which includes the hemoflagellates.

A

Flagella

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16
Q

It is the only ciliated protozoa of medical importance.

A

Balantidium coli

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17
Q

Organelle of locomotion that is hair-like projections from the ectoplasm.

A

Cilia

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18
Q

What is the organelle of locomotion of Balantidium coli?

A

Cilia

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19
Q

What are the species of Plasmodium?

A

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium ovale

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20
Q

Species of Genus Babesia

A

Babesia microti

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21
Q

This class has no organ of locomotion.

A

Class sporozoa

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22
Q

Give the four Phylum of Protozoa.

A

Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplexa
Ciliophora
Microspora

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23
Q

Reproduction of protozoa.

A

Through binary fusion

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24
Q

What is the function of Endoplasm in protozoan parasites?

A

Nutrition serving as site of storage and food synthesis

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25
Q

What is the function of ectoplasm in protozoan parasites?

A

Functions of the skin, limbs and mouth

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26
Q

Mode of transmission of E. histolytica.

A

Fecal-oral/Ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water

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27
Q

It is the active vegetative, feeding and motile stage of pathogenic amoeba.

A

Trophozoites

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28
Q

Is it true that trophozoites are larger than cyst?

A

True

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29
Q

True or False: Trophozoites are found in formed feces.

A

False. Cyst are found in formed feces.

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30
Q

It is the transitory stage prior to encystation.

A

Pre-cyst

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31
Q

It is the nonmotile stage of pathogenic amoeba.

A

Cyst

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32
Q

True or False: Cysts are usually uninucleate.

A

False. Trophozoites. Cysts have more than 1 nuclei.

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33
Q

It is the transitory stage prior to excystation.

A

Metacystic trophozoites.

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34
Q

True or False: Cysts are smaller than trophozoites.

A

True

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35
Q

True or False: Entamoeba coli is pathogenic.

A

False. Only E. histolytica.

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36
Q

What is the infective stage of E. histolytica?

A

Cysts

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37
Q

True or False: Cysts are both diagnostic and infective stage of E. histolytica.

A

True.

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38
Q

Habitat of E. histolytica.

A

Intestinal tract/Large intestine

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39
Q

The amoeba that causes colitis and liver abscess.

A

E. histolytica.

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40
Q

What parasite/s morphologically similar to E. histolytica?

A

E. dispar and E. moshkovskii

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41
Q

What is the two parasitic stage of E. histolytica?

A

Infective cyst

Invasive trophozoite

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42
Q

What are tests used in order to differentiate E. dispar and E. moshkovskii from E. histolytica?

A

Isoenzyme analysis polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Typing with monoclonal antibodies

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43
Q

Small version of E. histolytica.

A

E. hartmanni

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44
Q

This amoeba is either pathogenic or non-pathogenic.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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45
Q

Amoeba that is acquired through oral contact such as kissing, sharing of utensils.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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46
Q

Amoeba that has no cystic stage.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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47
Q

What parasite that its cyst is resistant to gastric acidity and desiccation?

A

E. histolytica

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48
Q

How many nuclei does E. histolytica cyst has?

A

1-4

49
Q

Bull’s eye cyst

A

E. histolytica

50
Q

What is the diagnostic characteristics of the chromatoidal bodies of E. coli?

A

Splinter-like/Broomstick

51
Q

Cross-eyed cyst

A

Endolimax nana

52
Q

Iodine Cyst of Wenyoun

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

53
Q

Cigar/sausage/bar-shaped chromatoidal body.

A

E. histolytica

54
Q

Long, finger-like pseudopodia

A

E. histolytica

55
Q

Multiple hyaline/leaf-like pseudopodia.

A

D. fragilis

56
Q

It has a more vacuolated or granular endoplasm with bacteria and debris but has no red blood cells.

A

E. coli

57
Q

Motility of E. histolytica.

A

Progressive and unidirectional

58
Q

Strict anaerobe but are able to utilize oxygen when present.

A

E. histolytica

59
Q

True or False: E. histolytica can cause only intestinal disease.

A

False. Extra-intestinal disease also.

60
Q

It can cause Amebic Intestinal Ulcer.

A

E. histolytica

61
Q

Its motility is more sluggish unidirectional.

A

E. coli

62
Q

Hematophagous.

A

E. histolytica trophozoite

63
Q

How many nuclei does E. coli cyst has?

A

1 to 8

64
Q

True or False: E. histolytica cyst is larger than E. coli.

A

False.

E. histolytica 5-20 u
E. coli 10-33 u

65
Q

What is the characteristic of the ulcer of Amoebiasis?

A

Flask-shaped

66
Q

It is the most common site followed by the sigmoid colon and untreated infections may involve the entire colon of E. histolytica.

A

Cecum

67
Q

How many days does biological incubation period of Amebiasis?

A

2-5 days

68
Q

Causative agent of Amebiasis.

A

E. histolytica

69
Q

What is the diagnostic characteristic of Ameboma?

A

Apple-core lesions

70
Q

Where can E. histolytica trophozoites be found?

A

Lumen and glandular crypts of colon and in the tissue

71
Q

Which amoeba trophozoite has broader and blunt pseudopodia?

A

E. coli

72
Q

What is the diagnostic characteristic of Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoites?

a. Large vesicular nucleus with a marge endosome surrounded by a chromatic granule
b. No peripheral chromatin granules on the nuclear membrane
c. A and B
d. None of the above

A

C. A and B

73
Q

What is the diagnostic characteristic of Iodamoeba butschlii cyst?

a. 1 nucleus with large irregular karyosome and thick nuclear membrane
b. Large vesicular nucleus with a marge endosome surrounded by a chromatic granule
c. Smaller and no ingested RBC
d. Very large glycogen vacuole/body

A

d. Very large glycogen vacuole/body

74
Q

What organs E. histolytica invades in an invasive infection?

A

Liver, lungs and brain.

75
Q

Common habitat of E. histolytica in invasive infection.

A

Liver

76
Q

Epidemiology of E. histolytica.

A

Worldwide

77
Q

Typical manifestation of intestinal amoebiasis.

A

Amoebic dysentery

78
Q

Which are the sites that are possible to be invaded in an extra-intestinal invasion of E. histolytica aside from the liver, lungs, and brain?

a. Genitalia
b. Spleen
c. Kidneys
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
f. A and C
g. B and C
h. A and B

A

d. All of the above

79
Q

The unit that performs the vital functions.

A

Protoplasm

80
Q

What are the locomotor apparatuses?

A

Pseudopodia - amoeba
Flagella - flagellates
Cilia - ciliates
Undulating membrane - flagellates

81
Q

The structure for procurement and ingestion of food.

A

Cytostome

82
Q

Structure for discharge of metabolic waste.

A

Cytopyge

83
Q

True or False: Trophozoites are resistant to gastric environment of the stomach.

A

False. Only cysts.

84
Q

True or False: All amoeba inhabit the large intestine except E. gingivalis.

A

True.

85
Q

True or False: All amoeba develop into cystic stage except E. coli.

A

False. All amoeba develop into cystic stage except E. gingivalis.

86
Q

True or False: All amoeba are commensals except E. histolytica

A

True

87
Q

True or False: Amoebiasis is applied to all amoeba.

A

False. Amoebiasis is applied only to E. histolytica

88
Q

Which is the life cycle of E. histolytica?

a. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> encystation in the SI -> excystation -> trophozoite reach colon
b. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> encystation in the SI -> trophozoite reach colon -> excystation
c. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> excystation in the SI -> trophozoite reach colon -> encystation

A

c. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> excystation in the SI -> trophozoite reach colon -> encystation

ALWAYS REMEMBER: Excystation always comes first then encystation.

89
Q

Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica.

A

Cyst and Trophozoites

90
Q

True or False: In asymptomatic amoebiasis, the patient is considered as the carrier.

A

True

91
Q

Pathology of E. histolytica (Give atleast 3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic amoebiasis –patient as carrier
  2. Acute symptomatic amoebiasis
    a. Amoebic diarrhea –3-6x/day
    b. Acute amoebic dysentery –6-8x/day
  3. Chronic amoebic dysentery
  4. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis
    a. Hepatic amoebiasis –anchovy-sauce fluid
    b. Pulmonary amoebiasis
    c. Cerebral amoebiasis
    d. Cutaneous amoebiasis
    e. Genital amoebiasis
92
Q

What techniques are used for diagnosing Amoebiasis? (Give at least 3)

A 
1. DFS
•Quensel’s solution –best for trophozoite
•Methylene blue
•Lugol’s iodine –for cyst
•Di Antonis –for cyst
  1. Concentration technique
  2. Culture
    •LES –Locke’s Egg Serum•Boeck’s and Drbohlav’s
    •RES –Rice Egg Saline
    •Nutrient Agar Saline
  3. Serological –ELISA, IHA, IFA, CIE
  4. Aspirates –liver/pulmonary –wet/stained smear
  5. PCR –differentiate E. histolytica from E. dispar
  6. Stained smear –Iron hematoxylin, Trichrome, PAS, Chlorazol Black E
93
Q

This amoeba has a trophozoite that has dirty looking cytoplasm due to the presence of ingested bacteria and food particles.

A

Entamoeba coli

94
Q

An amoeba that its cyst has 1-8 nuclei.

A

E. coli

95
Q

The smallest intestinal protozoa.

A

Endolimax nana

96
Q

The largest intestinal protozoa.

A

Balantidium coli

97
Q

The only amoeba with 1 nucleus.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

98
Q

Amoeba that is an oral parasite.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis.

ALWAYS REMEMBER - Oral related amoeba - GINGIVALIS

99
Q

Only amoeba that can ingest WBC

A

Entamoeba gingivalis.

100
Q

Give me one difference between Amoebic dysentery and Bacillary dysentery.

A

Onset:
Gradual in AD
Acute in BD

Consistency of stool:
Bloody and diarrheic in AD
Bloody in BD

Odor:
Fishy in AD
Odorless in BD

Charcot Leyden crystals:
Present in AD
Absent in BD

101
Q

It is the most important and most common extraintestinal complications of amebiasis.

A

Hepatic amebiasis

102
Q

Where does most abscess are found in an extra-intestinal amoebiasis?

A

Posterior portion of the right liver.

103
Q

It is used to describe the enlargement of the liver which leads to abscess formation.

A

Diffuse amebic hepatitis

104
Q

How many percent does abscess in the right lobe of the liver in Amebic hepatitis?

A

liver in 53%

Note:
both lobes 25%
left lobe 8%

105
Q

How does asymptomatic amebiasis be diagnosed?

A
  1. Demonstration of amebic cyst in stool- 3 consecutive negative examinations should be done to exclude the diagnosis.
  2. Direct Fecal Smear
  3. Isoenzyme technology to differentiate zymodemes of the invasive and non-invasive species.
106
Q

Prevention and control of E. histolytica.

A
  • Effective environmental sanitation such as proper use of latrines
  • Good personal hygiene and proper cooking of food.
  • Boil water prior to drinking in areas endemic with amebiasis
  • Use of iodine tablet kills cyst
107
Q

Drug of choice in asymptomatic amebiasis.

A

Diloxanide

108
Q

Drug of choice in mild to moderate intestinal disease.

A

Metronidazole and Tinidazole

109
Q

Drug of choice in severe intestinal disease and hepatic abscess.

A

Metronidazole and Tinidazole

110
Q

True or False: Protozoa are heterotrophic.

A

True

111
Q

Free-living vegetative form of protozoa.

A

Trophozoites.

112
Q

Resting form of protozoa.

A

Cysts

113
Q

True or False: Protozoa are located in most moist habitats.

A

True

114
Q

In an intestinal amoebiasis, how many percent is it to be invasive?

A

10%

90% - asymptomatic/non-invasive

115
Q

True or False: E. hartmanni occurs wherever E. histolytica is found.

A

True.

116
Q

Amoeba that has a blotlike karyosome.

A

Endolimax nana

117
Q

A type of amoeba where humans probably get infected by endocommensal when they ingest pinworm eggs.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

118
Q

Which of these trophozoites when acting as pathogen, is likely to ingest RBC in the host?

a. Endolimax nana
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Entamoeba hartmanni
d. Entamoeba coli

A

b. E. histolytica

119
Q

The point of differentiation on which one has to depend for separation of E. histolytica & E. hartmanni is:

a. presence of chromatoidal body
b. presence of peripheral chromatin
c. size
d. only one possess a cyst form

A

c. size

Parasitology (6 decks)

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