Protozoa (Intro to Amoeba) Flashcards
1
Q
What are the species under the Order of Amoebida?
A
Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba coli Entamoeba gingivalis Entamoeba dispar Entamoeba hartmanni Endolimax nana Iodamoeba butschlii Acanthamoeba
2
Q
What is the only specie under Order Schizopyrenida?
A
Naegleria
3
Q
What is the organ of locomotion of Entamoeba histolytica?
A
Pseudopodia
4
Q
It is an organ of locomotion which are hyaline-foot-like extrusions from the ectoplasm.
A
Pseudopodia
5
Q
It is the only pathogenic amoeba in the GIT.
A
Entamoeba histolytica
6
Q
What is excystation?
A
Formation of trophozoites
7
Q
What is encystation?
A
Formation of cysts
8
Q
It is the unicellular microscopic parasite.
A
Protozoa
9
Q
What are the species under the Order Trichomonadida?
A
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas gigivalis
10
Q
What order does Chilomastix mesnili belong to?
A
Order Retormonadida
11
Q
What is the organelle of locomotion of Class Zoomastigophora?
A
Flagella
12
Q
What is the specie under Diplomonadida?
A
Giardia lamblia
13
Q
What are the species of Genus Leishmania?
A
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania braziliense
14
Q
What are the species of Genus Trypanosoma?
A
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodisiense
15
Q
It is a whip-like structures arising from the ectoplasm which includes the hemoflagellates.
A
Flagella
16
Q
It is the only ciliated protozoa of medical importance.
A
Balantidium coli
17
Q
Organelle of locomotion that is hair-like projections from the ectoplasm.
A
Cilia
18
Q
What is the organelle of locomotion of Balantidium coli?
A
Cilia
19
Q
What are the species of Plasmodium?
A
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium ovale
20
Q
Species of Genus Babesia
A
Babesia microti
21
Q
This class has no organ of locomotion.
A
Class sporozoa
22
Q
Give the four Phylum of Protozoa.
A
Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplexa
Ciliophora
Microspora
23
Q
Reproduction of protozoa.
A
Through binary fusion
24
Q
What is the function of Endoplasm in protozoan parasites?
A
Nutrition serving as site of storage and food synthesis
25
What is the function of ectoplasm in protozoan parasites?
Functions of the skin, limbs and mouth
26
Mode of transmission of E. histolytica.
Fecal-oral/Ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water
27
It is the active vegetative, feeding and motile stage of pathogenic amoeba.
Trophozoites
28
Is it true that trophozoites are larger than cyst?
True
29
True or False: Trophozoites are found in formed feces.
False. Cyst are found in formed feces.
30
It is the transitory stage prior to encystation.
Pre-cyst
31
It is the nonmotile stage of pathogenic amoeba.
Cyst
32
True or False: Cysts are usually uninucleate.
False. Trophozoites. Cysts have more than 1 nuclei.
33
It is the transitory stage prior to excystation.
Metacystic trophozoites.
34
True or False: Cysts are smaller than trophozoites.
True
35
True or False: Entamoeba coli is pathogenic.
False. Only E. histolytica.
36
What is the infective stage of E. histolytica?
Cysts
37
True or False: Cysts are both diagnostic and infective stage of E. histolytica.
True.
38
Habitat of E. histolytica.
Intestinal tract/Large intestine
39
The amoeba that causes colitis and liver abscess.
E. histolytica.
40
What parasite/s morphologically similar to E. histolytica?
E. dispar and E. moshkovskii
41
What is the two parasitic stage of E. histolytica?
Infective cyst
| Invasive trophozoite
42
What are tests used in order to differentiate E. dispar and E. moshkovskii from E. histolytica?
Isoenzyme analysis polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Typing with monoclonal antibodies
43
Small version of E. histolytica.
E. hartmanni
44
This amoeba is either pathogenic or non-pathogenic.
Dientamoeba fragilis
45
Amoeba that is acquired through oral contact such as kissing, sharing of utensils.
Entamoeba gingivalis
46
Amoeba that has no cystic stage.
Entamoeba gingivalis
47
What parasite that its cyst is resistant to gastric acidity and desiccation?
E. histolytica
48
How many nuclei does E. histolytica cyst has?
1-4
49
Bull's eye cyst
E. histolytica
50
What is the diagnostic characteristics of the chromatoidal bodies of E. coli?
Splinter-like/Broomstick
51
Cross-eyed cyst
Endolimax nana
52
Iodine Cyst of Wenyoun
Iodamoeba butschlii
53
Cigar/sausage/bar-shaped chromatoidal body.
E. histolytica
54
Long, finger-like pseudopodia
E. histolytica
55
Multiple hyaline/leaf-like pseudopodia.
D. fragilis
56
It has a more vacuolated or granular endoplasm with bacteria and debris but has no red blood cells.
E. coli
57
Motility of E. histolytica.
Progressive and unidirectional
58
Strict anaerobe but are able to utilize oxygen when present.
E. histolytica
59
True or False: E. histolytica can cause only intestinal disease.
False. Extra-intestinal disease also.
60
It can cause Amebic Intestinal Ulcer.
E. histolytica
61
Its motility is more sluggish unidirectional.
E. coli
62
Hematophagous.
E. histolytica trophozoite
63
How many nuclei does E. coli cyst has?
1 to 8
64
True or False: E. histolytica cyst is larger than E. coli.
False.
E. histolytica 5-20 u
E. coli 10-33 u
65
What is the characteristic of the ulcer of Amoebiasis?
Flask-shaped
66
It is the most common site followed by the sigmoid colon and untreated infections may involve the entire colon of E. histolytica.
Cecum
67
How many days does biological incubation period of Amebiasis?
2-5 days
68
Causative agent of Amebiasis.
E. histolytica
69
What is the diagnostic characteristic of Ameboma?
Apple-core lesions
70
Where can E. histolytica trophozoites be found?
Lumen and glandular crypts of colon and in the tissue
71
Which amoeba trophozoite has broader and blunt pseudopodia?
E. coli
72
What is the diagnostic characteristic of Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoites?
a. Large vesicular nucleus with a marge endosome surrounded by a chromatic granule
b. No peripheral chromatin granules on the nuclear membrane
c. A and B
d. None of the above
C. A and B
73
What is the diagnostic characteristic of Iodamoeba butschlii cyst?
a. 1 nucleus with large irregular karyosome and thick nuclear membrane
b. Large vesicular nucleus with a marge endosome surrounded by a chromatic granule
c. Smaller and no ingested RBC
d. Very large glycogen vacuole/body
d. Very large glycogen vacuole/body
74
What organs E. histolytica invades in an invasive infection?
Liver, lungs and brain.
75
Common habitat of E. histolytica in invasive infection.
Liver
76
Epidemiology of E. histolytica.
Worldwide
77
Typical manifestation of intestinal amoebiasis.
Amoebic dysentery
78
Which are the sites that are possible to be invaded in an extra-intestinal invasion of E. histolytica aside from the liver, lungs, and brain?
a. Genitalia
b. Spleen
c. Kidneys
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
f. A and C
g. B and C
h. A and B
d. All of the above
79
The unit that performs the vital functions.
Protoplasm
80
What are the locomotor apparatuses?
Pseudopodia - amoeba
Flagella - flagellates
Cilia - ciliates
Undulating membrane - flagellates
81
The structure for procurement and ingestion of food.
Cytostome
82
Structure for discharge of metabolic waste.
Cytopyge
83
True or False: Trophozoites are resistant to gastric environment of the stomach.
False. Only cysts.
84
True or False: All amoeba inhabit the large intestine except E. gingivalis.
True.
85
True or False: All amoeba develop into cystic stage except E. coli.
False. All amoeba develop into cystic stage except E. gingivalis.
86
True or False: All amoeba are commensals except E. histolytica
True
87
True or False: Amoebiasis is applied to all amoeba.
False. Amoebiasis is applied only to E. histolytica
88
Which is the life cycle of E. histolytica?
a. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> encystation in the SI -> excystation -> trophozoite reach colon
b. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> encystation in the SI -> trophozoite reach colon -> excystation
c. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> excystation in the SI -> trophozoite reach colon -> encystation
c. Mature cyst passes out in feces -> ingestion of food/water contaminated with mature cyst -> passed through GIT -> excystation in the SI -> trophozoite reach colon -> encystation
ALWAYS REMEMBER: Excystation always comes first then encystation.
89
Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica.
Cyst and Trophozoites
90
True or False: In asymptomatic amoebiasis, the patient is considered as the carrier.
True
91
Pathology of E. histolytica (Give atleast 3)
1. Asymptomatic amoebiasis –patient as carrier
2. Acute symptomatic amoebiasis
a. Amoebic diarrhea –3-6x/day
b. Acute amoebic dysentery –6-8x/day
3. Chronic amoebic dysentery
4. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis
a. Hepatic amoebiasis –anchovy-sauce fluid
b. Pulmonary amoebiasis
c. Cerebral amoebiasis
d. Cutaneous amoebiasis
e. Genital amoebiasis
92
What techniques are used for diagnosing Amoebiasis? (Give at least 3)
```
1. DFS
•Quensel’s solution –best for trophozoite
•Methylene blue
•Lugol’s iodine –for cyst
•Di Antonis –for cyst
```
2. Concentration technique
3. Culture
•LES –Locke’s Egg Serum•Boeck’s and Drbohlav’s
•RES –Rice Egg Saline
•Nutrient Agar Saline
4. Serological –ELISA, IHA, IFA, CIE
5. Aspirates –liver/pulmonary –wet/stained smear
6. PCR –differentiate E. histolytica from E. dispar
7. Stained smear –Iron hematoxylin, Trichrome, PAS, Chlorazol Black E
93
This amoeba has a trophozoite that has dirty looking cytoplasm due to the presence of ingested bacteria and food particles.
Entamoeba coli
94
An amoeba that its cyst has 1-8 nuclei.
E. coli
95
The smallest intestinal protozoa.
Endolimax nana
96
The largest intestinal protozoa.
Balantidium coli
97
The only amoeba with 1 nucleus.
Iodamoeba butschlii
98
Amoeba that is an oral parasite.
Entamoeba gingivalis.
ALWAYS REMEMBER - Oral related amoeba - GINGIVALIS
99
Only amoeba that can ingest WBC
Entamoeba gingivalis.
100
Give me one difference between Amoebic dysentery and Bacillary dysentery.
Onset:
Gradual in AD
Acute in BD
Consistency of stool:
Bloody and diarrheic in AD
Bloody in BD
Odor:
Fishy in AD
Odorless in BD
Charcot Leyden crystals:
Present in AD
Absent in BD
101
It is the most important and most common extraintestinal complications of amebiasis.
Hepatic amebiasis
102
Where does most abscess are found in an extra-intestinal amoebiasis?
Posterior portion of the right liver.
103
It is used to describe the enlargement of the liver which leads to abscess formation.
Diffuse amebic hepatitis
104
How many percent does abscess in the right lobe of the liver in Amebic hepatitis?
liver in 53%
Note:
both lobes 25%
left lobe 8%
105
How does asymptomatic amebiasis be diagnosed?
1. Demonstration of amebic cyst in stool- 3 consecutive negative examinations should be done to exclude the diagnosis.
2. Direct Fecal Smear
3. Isoenzyme technology to differentiate zymodemes of the invasive and non-invasive species.
106
Prevention and control of E. histolytica.
- Effective environmental sanitation such as proper use of latrines
- Good personal hygiene and proper cooking of food.
- Boil water prior to drinking in areas endemic with amebiasis
- Use of iodine tablet kills cyst
107
Drug of choice in asymptomatic amebiasis.
Diloxanide
108
Drug of choice in mild to moderate intestinal disease.
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
109
Drug of choice in severe intestinal disease and hepatic abscess.
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
110
True or False: Protozoa are heterotrophic.
True
111
Free-living vegetative form of protozoa.
Trophozoites.
112
Resting form of protozoa.
Cysts
113
True or False: Protozoa are located in most moist habitats.
True
114
In an intestinal amoebiasis, how many percent is it to be invasive?
10%
| 90% - asymptomatic/non-invasive
115
True or False: E. hartmanni occurs wherever E. histolytica is found.
True.
116
Amoeba that has a blotlike karyosome.
Endolimax nana
117
A type of amoeba where humans probably get infected by endocommensal when they ingest pinworm eggs.
Dientamoeba fragilis
118
Which of these trophozoites when acting as pathogen, is likely to ingest RBC in the host?
a. Endolimax nana
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Entamoeba hartmanni
d. Entamoeba coli
b. E. histolytica
119
The point of differentiation on which one has to depend for separation of E. histolytica & E. hartmanni is:
a. presence of chromatoidal body
b. presence of peripheral chromatin
c. size
d. only one possess a cyst form
c. size
