Protozoa III

Question 1

What should we think with intense 105 fever, hypotension, rapid unconsciousness, cycling fever every few days, no other family members are ill?

Answer 1

recurrent Plasmodium infection

Question 2

What types of mosquitos transmit malaria?

Answer 2

anopheles

Question 3

What type of plasmodium causes malignant sub tertian to tertian disease and infects all RBCs?

Answer 3

P. falciparum

Question 4

What type of plasmodium causes benign tertian, recurrent malaria, and infect reticulocytes?

Answer 4

P. vivax and ovale

Question 5

What type of plasmodium causes benign quartan and infects old RBCs?

Answer 5

P. malariae

Question 6

What causes the fever cycles (tertian or quartan) in plasmodium infections?

Answer 6

release of merozoites from RBCs

Question 7

Are merozoites transmitted from the saliva of mosquitos to humans in plasmodium infections?

Answer 7

No- sporozoites

Question 8

Where do plasmodium sporozoites divide?

Answer 8

liver parenchymal cells

Question 9

T-F—sporozoites through sexual reproduction give rise to merozoites?

Answer 9

False- asexual reproduction

Question 10

Merozoites initiate RBC cycles and give rise to what? What happens to them?

Answer 10

1. gametocytes2. are taken into mosquitos where they give rise to sporozoites

Question 11

T-F- gametocytes give rise to sporozoites after asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

False- sexual reproduction

Question 12

What form of plasmodium infects RBCs?

Answer 12

merozoites

Question 13

What happens to merozoites in RBCs?

Answer 13

Replicate repeatedly in RBCs and then burst out

Question 14

What happens when the gametes fuse to create a zygote in the plasmodium life cycle? What happens next?

Answer 14

1. The zygote develops into a moving ookinete that burrows into the mosquito’s gut wall 2. The ookinete turns into an oocyst containing thousands of infective sporozoites

Question 15

What malaria infection may not synchronize?

Answer 15

falciparum malaria

Question 16

Is falciparum malaria most severe? what are some signs?

Answer 16

Yes, anemia encephalitis, DIC, shock, and death

Question 17

Are many malarias resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

who are protected from malaria?

Answer 18

sickle cell heterozygotes

Question 19

What is the malaria sickness like?

Answer 19

• flu like for 8 to 30 days–> then severe chills, high fever for several hours then breaks with severe sweating

Question 20

What strains of plasmodium can return to liver and reactivate years later?

Answer 20

vivax and ovale

Question 21

How is plasmodium diagnosed?

Answer 21

by looking for RBC stages

Question 22

How do we treat plasmodium?

Answer 22

artemisinin compound (sesquiterpene lactone) plus mefloquine doxycycline[do not use alone]

Question 23

What causes amebic dysentery?

Answer 23

entamoeba histolytica

Question 24

What does E. histolytic make and eat?

Answer 24

makes tissue lytic enzymes and eats RBCs

Question 25

Where do humans acquire Amebic Dysentery?

Answer 25

environmental sources with fecal contamination (cysts)

Question 26

Where does entamoeba histolytica colonize and invade”? what does this lead to?

Answer 26

Large intestine–> ulcers, bleeding, and diarrhea

Question 27

How much of the world is infected with Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 27

10%

Question 28

Can entamoeba histolytica spread to other body parts?

Answer 28

Yes– causes abcesses there too. Liver is common