Protozoa III Flashcards
What should we think with intense 105 fever, hypotension, rapid unconsciousness, cycling fever every few days, no other family members are ill?
recurrent Plasmodium infection
What types of mosquitos transmit malaria?
anopheles
What type of plasmodium causes malignant sub tertian to tertian disease and infects all RBCs?
P. falciparum
What type of plasmodium causes benign tertian, recurrent malaria, and infect reticulocytes?
P. vivax and ovale
What type of plasmodium causes benign quartan and infects old RBCs?
P. malariae
What causes the fever cycles (tertian or quartan) in plasmodium infections?
release of merozoites from RBCs
Are merozoites transmitted from the saliva of mosquitos to humans in plasmodium infections?
No- sporozoites
Where do plasmodium sporozoites divide?
liver parenchymal cells
T-F—sporozoites through sexual reproduction give rise to merozoites?
False- asexual reproduction
Merozoites initiate RBC cycles and give rise to what? What happens to them?
- gametocytes2. are taken into mosquitos where they give rise to sporozoites
T-F- gametocytes give rise to sporozoites after asexual reproduction?
False- sexual reproduction
What form of plasmodium infects RBCs?
merozoites
What happens to merozoites in RBCs?
Replicate repeatedly in RBCs and then burst out
What happens when the gametes fuse to create a zygote in the plasmodium life cycle? What happens next?
- The zygote develops into a moving ookinete that burrows into the mosquito’s gut wall 2. The ookinete turns into an oocyst containing thousands of infective sporozoites
What malaria infection may not synchronize?
falciparum malaria
Is falciparum malaria most severe? what are some signs?
Yes, anemia encephalitis, DIC, shock, and death
Are many malarias resistant to antibiotics?
yes
who are protected from malaria?
sickle cell heterozygotes
What is the malaria sickness like?
- flu like for 8 to 30 days–> then severe chills, high fever for several hours then breaks with severe sweating
What strains of plasmodium can return to liver and reactivate years later?
vivax and ovale
How is plasmodium diagnosed?
by looking for RBC stages
How do we treat plasmodium?
artemisinin compound (sesquiterpene lactone) plus mefloquine doxycycline[do not use alone]
What causes amebic dysentery?
entamoeba histolytica
What does E. histolytic make and eat?
makes tissue lytic enzymes and eats RBCs
Where do humans acquire Amebic Dysentery?
environmental sources with fecal contamination (cysts)
Where does entamoeba histolytica colonize and invade”? what does this lead to?
Large intestine–> ulcers, bleeding, and diarrhea
How much of the world is infected with Entamoeba histolytica?
10%
Can entamoeba histolytica spread to other body parts?
Yes– causes abcesses there too. Liver is common
