29 Roundworms Flashcards
What are considered the “most significant diseases in the world”?
- intestinal: worms, bacteria, viral diarrheas
- malaria
- Tb
- Schistosomiasis
- Leishmaniasis
- HIV
- streptococci-staphylococci
T/F- nematodes are round worms and include intestinal and non-intestinal species. They have two sexes.
True
T/F- cestodes are flat worms and have two sexes
False, they are flat worms but are hermaphrodites
What are trematodes also known as? Do they have two different sexes?
Flukes
Yes
A child is infected with Enterobius vermicularis, what test would you do at night to find the eggs?
scotch tape test
What is Enterobius vermicularis commonly known as and how many infections does it cause in the united states?
pin worm
-30-40 million
Describe the life cycle of enterobius vermicularis
- eggs eaten or breathed in
- hatch in small intestine
- larvae move to large intestine
- mature in 2-4 weeks, mate
- female migrates out of anus at night to lay eggs
- eggs rupture when exposed to air and cause itching
What are the symptoms and consequences of Enterobius vermicularis infection?
- itching
- occasionally appendicitis
- peritoneal granulomas (rare)
- UTI’s (rare)
T/F- There are protective immune responses against Enterobius vermicularis
False. Although there can be type I allergic response (itching)
What type of worm does the Ascaris lumbricoides species resemble? and where is it found?
“earthworm like”
tropical areas including Southeastern US
Describe the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides
- eggs are eaten
- hatch in small intestine
- larvae invades small intestine
- enter lymphatics and portal blood
- travel to liver, then lungs
- coughed up, swallowed again
- sexually mature in the small intestine and mate
- produce eggs which pass out in feces
- eggs must embryonate in warm moist soil
What are the clinical features of Ascaris lumbricoides?
- patchy pneumonia (Loeffler’s syndrome)- tracheobronchitis, SOB, eosinophilia, papular/urticarial rash
- biliary obstruction
- intestinal cramping
- liver granulomas (rare)
T/F- Trichuris trichiura is known as whip worm and produces barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs, and occurs in the Southeast US.
true
Describe the life cycle of Trichuris trichiura
- eggs are eaten
- hatch in small intestine
- larvae damage villi, move to large intestine where they mature
- Eggs pass into feces and are infective in warm soil
Clinical features of a Trichuris trichiura infection?
- mucosal damage/bleeding
- anemia, growth retardation
- rectal prolapse
