Protozoa I Flashcards
What class of protozoa is flagellated?
mastigophora
What are the 4 types of flagellated protozoan in his list?
leishmaniatrypanosomagiardiatrichomonas
What does trypanosome cause?
sleeping sickness and chaga’s
What does trichomonad cause?
vaginitis STI
What class of protozoa is pseudopodia?
sarcodina
What are the 3 pseudopodia protozoa he listed?
entamoebanaegleriaacanthamoeba
What sarcodina have a parasitic lifestyle?
entamoeba- dysentery, liver abscesses
What sarcodina have a free living lifestyle? what do they cause? What do you get them from?
- naegleria and acanthamoeba2. fatal meningoencephalitis, corneal ulcers3. from swimming in stagnant water
What is the one ciliophora protozoa he listed?
balantidium coli
What does plasmodium cause? Isospora? Cryptosporidium? Toxoplasma?
- malaria, 2. diarrhea, 3. diarrhea4. toxoplasmosis
What is a trophozoite?
asexual protozoa form (this form feeds)
What is a tachyzoite? bradyzoite?
- very active trophozoite2. very low activity trophozoite
What is a hemoflagellate?
blood flagellated organism
What is an amastigote?
flagellated organism that has lost its flagella in vivo
What is a promastigote?
flagellated trophozoite
What is a trypomastigote?
trophozoite like trypanosoma
What is a cyst?
covered organism with a protective coat
What is an oocyst?
same as cyst but from sexual reprod.
What is a merozoite?
fission of multinucleate form of plasmodium
In terms of protozoa…what is immunity most often?
TDTH plus macrophages[delayed type hypersensitivity]
What are the definitive host for toxoplasma gondii? How long are they infected?
- Cats- stray or on fam farms since cats are only 2. infective for a few weeks
How is toxoplasma gondii passed?
acquired from undercooked meat, oocysts in feces, other animals are intermediate hosts, animals get BRADYZOITES [main mech of transmission]
Are bradyzoites dormant?
yes
In toxoplasmosis, do humans form bradyzoites or tachyzoites?
Both
What do tachyzoites do in humans?
cross placenta with fetus infections
Toxopasmosis mainly effects who in humans?
fetus and aids patients
Are 1st or 3rd trimester toxoplasmosis infection more common? more severe?
3rd is more common1st is more sever
In someone with toxoplasmosis, what are the presentations? 4
- CNS (encephalitis, headache, drowsiness, convulsions, coma)2. Lymphadenitis (fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, pain)3. pneumonitis4. Myocarditis
Prenatal toxoplasmosis presents as what?
abortion, still birth to anything CNS (HUGE HEAD)
How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed?
serological tests and biopsy
What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?
sulfonamides and pyrimethamine/daraprim (SYNERGISTIC!)
How do we prevent toxoplasmosis? immunity?
- proper cooking, don’t let pregos handle cat litter,2. immunity is Th1 activating macrophages
In toxoplasmosis what do we see in retinal exam? Do tachyzoites look like sickle cells?
chorioretinitis? kinda`
Where does cryptosporidium parvum attach?
epithelial cells (extracellular maybe)
Where is cryptosporidium parvum found?
many species of animals?
What is the incubation period of cryptosporidium parvum? then what?
4-12 daysmoderate to perfuse diarrhea.Is very severe in AIDS or other compromised individuals (intractable in aids)
How is diarrhea produced in cryptosporidium parvum? What do we look for in feces? Therapy
- unknown2. oocyst with 4 sporozoite3. no good therapy, but we use antibiotics
What does immunity depend on for cryptosporidium parvum?
TDTH plus macrophage response
What does isospora belli cause? when is it severe?
chronic diarrhea with pain, very severe with aids
Is isospora belli an inter epithelial cell pathogen?
INTRAepithelial cell
How do we diagnose isospora belli?
looking for mature oocysts
What do we treat isospora belli with?
furazolidine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
What does giardia lamblia trophozoite look like? is it active?
- a face 2. metabolically and motile- movements like a leaf dropping
Where does giardia lamblia live? how does it attach?
upper 2/3 of small intestine- where it attaches to the epithelium by a suction cup
how does giardia lamblia divide? what does it form in feces?
- binary fission2. dormant cysts in feces
Where do humans get giardia lamblia?
drinking water contaminated by cysts
What leads to excystment and growth and diarrhea in giardia lamblia?
acidity and temperature
What is the clinical presentation of giardia lamblia?
- most asymptomatic2. ill present with steatorrhea, foul smelling, malaise fatigue, cramps, flatulence, weight loss, reflux
what is giardia lamblia incubation period?
2-3 weeks
What is the mechanism of diarrhea in giardia lamblia?
unknown but the trophozoites leave an impression on the epithelium when they detach
What is partially protective in giardia lamblia but does not provide much immunity?
IgA
What can giardia lamblia be killed by?
iodine, chlorine and removed by filtration, BOILING IS BEST
How is giardia lamblia diagnosed?
symptoms and examination of feces for cysts
What do we treat giardia lamblia with? other options?
metronidazole, some don’t respond and become chronic[options, quinacrine HCL or furazolidine]
How is trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?
looking for characteristic jerky motility and pear shape
What is the trich. vaginalis incidence in US?
50%
Can men be trich. vaginalis carriers? what does infection look like in women?
- yes 2. hyperemic vagina and discharge with dysuria
Does trich. vaginalis divide by binary fission? have cysts? trophozoite? lots of protective immunity?
Yes, No, Yes, No
What is treatment for trich vaginalis?
metronidazole for BOTH partners or will ping pong
