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3 PID Unit > Protozoa II > Flashcards

Protozoa II Flashcards

1
Q

What is leishmania an intracellular pathogen of?

A

macrophages

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2
Q

What does leishmania become in a macrophage?

A

amastigote

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3
Q

What is the immunity for leishmania?

A

TDTH

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4
Q

What is leishmania transmitted by?

A

sandflies (africa/asia, south america tropical and subtropics)

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5
Q

When is leishmania epidemic?

A

sand flies are in large numbers

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6
Q

Are leishmania amastigotes in sandflies?

A

no they are promastigotes

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7
Q

What are the stages of leishmania 7?

A

sandfly takes bloood–> promastigotes phago. by macrophages–> transform into amastigotes—>multiply in various cells—>sandfly takes blood meal and ingests macrophage–> amastigotes transform into promastigote stage in sandfly gut—>migrate to proboscis

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8
Q

A variety of leishmania species including tropica and brazilienes cause what?

A

cutaneous leishmania- papules that turn red, ulcerates, forms satellite lesions (contained by Th1 after months)[oriental ulcer, chiclero ulcer, Baghdad boil]

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9
Q

What does leishmania donovani cause? immunity? called what?

A

visceral leishmaniasis- immune sytem is not responsive, spectrum illness called Kala Azar (twice daily fevers)

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10
Q

What leishmania causes mucocutaneous diseases?

A

braziliensis

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11
Q

How long do sores take to develop after sandfly bite?

A

few weeks or months

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12
Q

Can leishmania sores change in size and appearance over time

A

yes- start as papules or nodules and may end up as ulcers

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13
Q

Are leishmania sores painless ? Do some peoples glands swell?

A

yes usually but some can be painfulyes near the sore

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14
Q

Visceral leishmaniasis infects what organs to be life threatening? how long to develop?

A
  1. usually spleen, liver and marrow2. Months to years
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15
Q

Visceral leishmaniasis people present with what?

A

fever, weight loss, enlargement of liver/spleen, low blood counts and low platelets

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16
Q

How do we prevent mucosal leishmaniasis?

A

ensure adequate treatment of original cutaneous infection

17
Q

How do we diagnose leishmaniasis?

A

lesions, biopsy, and antibody tests

18
Q

What are the 3 main treatments of leishmaniasis?

A
  1. pentavalent antimonial compounds (not in US but can use sodium stibogluconate from CDC)2. liposomal amphotericin B (IV, visceral leish.)3. Miltefosine (cut. visa. and mucosal)
19
Q

Does amphotericin B deoxycholate and pentamidine isethionate as well as the azoles (ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole) have merit for treating selected cases of leishmaniasis?

A

Yes-

20
Q

Is aminoglycoside paromomycin available in the US?

A

No

21
Q

What does trypanosome brucei cause?

A

african sleeping sickness

22
Q

What doe trypanosoma cruzi cause?

A

american trypanosomiasis (Chaga’s disease)

23
Q

What is african sleeping sickness transmitted by

A

Tse Tse fly

24
Q

What is Chaga’s transmitted by?

A

sucking/ kissing/ assassin bugs (Reduviid bugs)

25
Q

Where are bugs related to Chaga’s found?

A

dirt floors of South/Central America, Southwest US

26
Q

What are the 2 forms of african sleeping sickness?

A

slow progressing chronic (west africa) and Acute 9 months (east africa)

27
Q

What are the symptoms of african sleeping sickness-

A

primary lesion around bite, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, mental problems leading to death.

28
Q

What is interesting about african sleeping sickness surface glycoprotein?

A

variable- programmed set of changes, leading to IgM and then new waves; treated with a variety of drugs

29
Q

What is romana’s sign and what disease has it?

A

conjunctivitis and swelling in American Trypanosomiasis

30
Q

What type of lesion does American trypanosomiasis have?

A

Chagoma primary lesion

31
Q

What disease has a lot of nonspecific effects that may lead to meningitis acutely or heart failure?

A

American trypanosomiasis (chaga’s)

32
Q

What does american trypanosomiasis chronic disease lead to?

A

cardiac destruction, megaesophagus, megacolon

33
Q

What is american trypanosomiasis disease diagnosed with?

A

blood smear and at least two antibody tests

34
Q

What is american trypanosomiasis treated with?

A

nifurtimox or benznidazole

3 PID Unit (11 decks)

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