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Erica's ID 3 > Protozoa & Helminths > Flashcards

Protozoa & Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes vs. Trematodes vs. Cestodes shape

A

Nematodes are long and circular
Trematodes are flat like pancakes
Cestodes are segmented, but also long.

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2
Q

Travel in the Middle East, bitten and got sick with fever weight loss, splenomegaly

A

Sand fly bites - Leishmania donovani

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3
Q

Little dots in pairs inside of a macrophage

A

Amastigotes

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4
Q

Promastigotes are found in the __ of the vector

A

Saliva

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5
Q

Difference between promastigote vs. amastigote vs. trypomastigotes

A

Promastigote has flagellum posterior to the kinetoplast and no attachment to body of the parasite

Amastigotes have kinetoplasts and nucleus, but no flagellum

Trypomastigotes have flagella that come out the same end as promastigotes, but wrap around the posterior body.

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6
Q

45 y/o businessman in Rio with sickness months later. He had splenomegaly and facial edema

A

Chagas disease - Trypanosoma cruzi from the Reduviid bug

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7
Q

What bug causes visceral leishmaniasis?

A

Leishmania donovani

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8
Q

Can you distinguish between Chagas and visceral leishmaniasis on a generalized histo slide?

A

No

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9
Q

What kind of -mastigote does Chagas display?

A

Trypomastigotes

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10
Q

Are trypanosomes associated with a host cell?

A

No, they are only found in blood.

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11
Q

30 y/o female with bloody diarrhea with mucus and blood flecks. Mexico 3 weeks ago.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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12
Q

Amebiasis is caused by which organism?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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13
Q

How do you diagnose Amebiasis

A

Serology and/or trophozoites (with RBCs in the cytoplasm) or cysts (with up to 4 nuclei) in stool

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14
Q

How is amebiasis transmitted?

A

Cysts in water

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15
Q

What protozoa causes giardiasis?

A

Giardia lambia

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16
Q

How is giardiasis diagnosed?

A

Trophozoites or cysts in stool

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17
Q

How does giardiasis present?

A

Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea . Often seen in campers/hikers.

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18
Q

A person with a CD4+ count of

A

Cryptosporidium

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19
Q

How is cryptosporidium transmitted?

A

Oocysts in water. They stain acid-fast.

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20
Q

Female with + tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia. Wet prep of discharge shows another organism

A

Trichomoniasis - Trichomonas vaginalis - trophozoite protozoa

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21
Q

Peace corp volunteer - chronic diarrhea for 4 wks, weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea prior to eating

A

Giardia lambia

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22
Q

Chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications = what?

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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23
Q

HIV + 60 CD4 + intermittent diarrhea + inappropriate speech

A

Cryptosporidium and toxoplasma

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24
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

A

Cysts in meat; oocysts in cat feces; crosses the placenta

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25
Q

How is toxo diagnosed?

A

Serology, biopsy (tachyzoite)

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26
Q

How is toxo treated?

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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27
Q

What is an oocyst?

A

Product of sexual reproduction of these protozoa

28
Q

A person comes to the ER with signs of meningoencephalitis. Their history is positive for having been swimming in freshwater lakes. What do they have?

A

Naegleria fowleri

29
Q

How do the naegleria fowleri end up in CSF?

A

Take a watery passage through your nose via the cribriform plate.

30
Q

What organism causes african sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

31
Q

How is Trypanosoma brucei transmitted?

A

Tsetse fly - painful bite

32
Q

How does African sleeping sickness present?

A

Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma

33
Q

Why do people with african sleeping sickness keep getting recurring fever?

A

Due to antigenic variation of the organism.

34
Q

What is characteristic of tertian malaria?

A

Fever 2x in the last 4 days (48 hr cycle time)

35
Q

2 parasties within one RBC is typical of which form of malaria?

A

Falciparum

36
Q

Where are schizont’s normally trapped?

A

Capillaries

37
Q

What vector exists for plasmodium species?

A

The anopheles mosquito

38
Q

What is the cycle time for P. malariae?

A

72 hr cycle

39
Q

Ascites, splenomegaly, umbilical hernia, superficial abdominal veins

A

Schistosoma japonicum

40
Q

The lateral spike in the embrionated egg of a schistosome tells you it is which type?

A

Mansoni

41
Q

Schistosome with a terminal spine indicates which type?

A

S. haematobium

42
Q

Fever + hemolytic anemia after a long hike

A

Babesiosis

43
Q

Babesiosis caused by what?

A

Babesia transferred by Ixodes tick

44
Q

Maltese cross on blood smear

A

Babesiosis

45
Q

Are plasmodium embrionated eggs unicellular?

A

No, they are multicellular

46
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Filiaria species - Wuchereria bancrofti

47
Q

All of the dots in the worm of elephantiasis

A

Nuclei of the multicellular organism - the different tissues of the parasites

48
Q

Unilateral lymphedema

A

Pathognomonic for filiariasis

49
Q

Likes raw sausages + periorbital edema and conjunctivitis

A

Trichinella spiralis

50
Q

What kind of disease is trichinella producing?

A

Intestinal infection; larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle cells –> inflammation of the muscle

Trichinosis - fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia

51
Q

What causes the conjunctivitis of trichinella?

A

The larvae creepy crawling across your eye.

52
Q

Perianal pruritus

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

53
Q

How do you diagnose pinworm infection?

A

See egg on a scotch tape test

54
Q

How common is a pinworm infection?

A

The most common helminth infection in kids

55
Q

Cramps + diarrhea + worm in stool

A

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

56
Q

How do you get roundworm?

A

Fecal-oral route - infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve

57
Q

What is characteristic of the shape ascaris egg?

A

Rugged surface in fresh stool

58
Q

What is specific about maturation of the ascaris egg?

A

It must mature outside of the body. Requires lower temperature. No auto-infection

59
Q

Adenocarcinoma, WWII, Corticosteroids, Nausea, Vomiting purulent sputum

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

60
Q

What other organisms have a lung cycle?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

Strongyloides stercoralis

61
Q

Seizure, central america, cyst lesions in brain, ova in stool

A

Taenia solium - tapeworm causing neurocysticercosis

62
Q

What do you treat neurocysticercosis with?

A

Albendazole

63
Q

Radiating appearance of eggs in stool

A

Pathognomonic for cestodes especially taenia solium

64
Q

Scolex Hooks

A

Taenia solium

65
Q

Can taenia solium autoinfect?

A

Yes.

Erica's ID 3 (13 decks)

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