Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the main characteristics of protozoa?

A

complex life cycles, mostly unicellular with rare colonies and have locomotive structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an oral groove?

A

a ciliated channel in which food is directed into the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the main form of reproduction in protozoa?

A

mostly asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the stages of the life cycle of a protozoa?

A

begin as trophozoite, become a cyst and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the features of the trophozoite stage?

A

a motile feeding stage at which they are able to actively feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the features of a cyst stage?

A

a dormant resistant stage in which the protozoa is able to survive in harsh conditions outside of a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is excystation?

A

when the protozoa is removed from the cyst stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are examples of some parasites that are motive via flagella?

A

giardia, trichomonas, tripanosoma and leishmania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two types of amoeboid protozoa?

A

entamoeba histolytica and radiolarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are entamoeba histolytic?

A

protozoa that cause dysentery, abdominal pain and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are radiolarians?

A

protozoa with a silica based skeleton and found in the sea as part of zooplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the features of amoeboid protozoa?

A

use pseudopods, can come in shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are pseudopods?

A

a temporary cell extension used for movement and gathering food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do pseudopods work?

A

the cell membrane pushes in one direction and the cytoplasm flows into the buldge, which drags the rest of the cell behind it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the different types of pseudopods

A

lobular, blunt, branched, filamentous (long and pointed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what allows the cytoplasm to move into the bulge formed by the cell membrane when forming a pseudopod?

A

the ectoplasm, which is the outer layer of the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what kind of protozoa have cilia?

A

trophozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the features of ciliated protozoa?

A

majority of nonpathogens and have 2 nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why do ciliated protozoa have 2 nuclei?

A

one for everyday function and one for reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in what ways do ciliated protozoa reproduce?

A

vis binary fission or conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are apicomplexa?

A

parasitic protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do apicomplexa move?

A

by gliding or flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is different about the life cycle of a apicomplexa?

A

they have many hosts and rarely produce cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what enables an apicomplexa to transfer to a new host?

A

they produce sporozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is an example of an apicomplexa?

A

toxoplasma gondii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

in which type of protozoa does conjugation occur?

A

in ciliated protozoa such as paramecium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is conjugation? why is it needed?

A

this is the mixing of genetic material of two protists yet no increase in the amount of protozoa, needed to gain new genetic material to better adapt to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the process of conjugation?

A

come into contact via oral surface, micronuclei divide to produce 4 haploid micronuclei of which 3 degenerate and 1 divides into female and male micronuclei. the male nuclei are then exchanged between conjugants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is an example of a protist that carries out conjugation?

A

paramecium

30
Q

what are the features of pathogenic protozoa?

A

not pathogens, can be animal parasites that spread infection via insect vectors and are zoonotic

31
Q

what is amebiasis?

A

an infection of the intestines causes by E. histolytica

32
Q

what are the features of E. histolytica?

A

motile via pseudopods, change from large trophozoite and a smaller non-motile cyst

33
Q

what is different about the trophozoite of an E. Histolytica?

A

it has a large nucleus and lacks most other organelles

34
Q

how does E. Histolytica infect?

A

cysts swallowed and the alkaline pH and digestive juices stimulate the cyst to release 4 trophozoites which then attach and actively feed

35
Q

how might E. histolytica act to worsen symptoms?

A

secrete enzymes that dissolve tissues and penetrate deeper into the levels of mucosa

36
Q

what are the symptoms of E. Histolytica?

A

dysentery, fever, abdominal pain, weight loss

37
Q

what are the life threatening effects of E. Histolytica?

A

haemorrhage, perforation, appendicitis and tumour-like growths

38
Q

what is used to treat E.histolytica?

A

iodoquinol, metronidazole and chloroquine

39
Q

what types of amoeba can infect the brain?

A

naegleria fowleri and acanthamoeba

40
Q

what is the main cause of infection of the brain via naegleria fowleri and acanthamoeba?

A

they infect standing water and so a person can become infected when coming into contact with this water

41
Q

what is caused when the infected standing water comes into nasal contact?

A

primary acute meningoencephalitis

42
Q

what is an example of a ciliated intestinal protist?

A

ballantidium coli

43
Q

how is ballantidium usually contracted and where does it usually reside?

A

contracted through ingesting cyst containing food or water and usually occupies the intestine of domestic animals such as cattle

44
Q

how does ballantidium coli cause damage to the body?

A

erodes the intestine and causes intestinal symptoms

45
Q

how is ballaintidium coli treated?

A

tetracycline, iodoquinol, nitromidazine and metronidazole

46
Q

what is giardia lambda?

A

a pathogenic flagellate protist

47
Q

what is the unique structure of giardia lambda?

A

symmetrical heart shape with concave ventral surface that acts as a suction cup

48
Q

what are the features of the cysts of giardia lamblia?

A

they are small, compact and multinucleate

49
Q

where is giardia lamblia present?

A

beavers, cattle, cats, humans and coyotes

50
Q

what are the symptoms of being infected with giardia lamblia?

A

giardiasis which is diarrhoea and abdominal pain, mucus filled/flatulent diarrhoea

51
Q

how do you treat infection with giardia lamblia?

A

quinacrine or metronidazole

52
Q

how is giardia lamblia killed?

A

by boiling, ozone and iodine

53
Q

what is a haemoflagellate?

A

a flagellate protozoa that is parasitic to the blood

54
Q

what is an example of a haemoflagellate?

A

trypanosoma brucei

55
Q

what is distinct about the shape of a haemoflagellate?

A

elongate, spindle-shaped cell with tapered ends

56
Q

what disease is caused by trypanosoma Brucei?

A

African sleeping disease

57
Q

what type of animals is T. Brucei harboured by?

A

reservoir mammals

58
Q

how are humans infected by T. Brucei?

A

a fly bites the skin, releasing trypomastigotes which then multiply in the blood

59
Q

what are the symptoms of African sleeping disease?

A

sleep disturbances, tremors, paralysis and comas

60
Q

where are trypanosomes demonstrated?

A

in the blood, spinal fluid and lymph nodes

61
Q

what does trypanosoma Cruzi cause?

A

chagas disease

62
Q

what is plasmodium? what disease does it cause?

A

a dominant protozoan disease which causes malaria

63
Q

what is the primary vector of malaria?

A

the female anopheles mosquito

64
Q

what are the symptoms of malaria?

A

feeling of intense cold followed by a dry sweat and then drenching sweat, headaches + muscle pain + vomiting, anaemia in later stages

65
Q

how is a human infected with malaria via a mosquito?

A

the sporozoites are transmitted into the human which are removed from the blood by the liver, enter and reproduce in the red blood cells

66
Q

what is toxoplasma gondii?

A

intracellular apicomplexan parasite

67
Q

where does toxoplasma gondii reside?

A

in the GI tract of cats

68
Q

how is toxoplasmosis caught by a human?

A

by ingesting raw meats or substances contaminated by cat faeces

69
Q

in what patients will toxoplasmosis be particularly noticed?

A

in foetus’, AIDS patients who suffer brain and heart damage

70
Q

how is toxoplasmosis treated?

A

using pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

Microbiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions