Mycology

Question 1

what is a heterotroph?

Answer 1

an organism that cannot manufacture its own food and does so using complex organic substances

Question 2

what is a symbiont?

Answer 2

an organism living in symbiosis with another

Question 3

what is hyphae?

Answer 3

each of the branching filaments that make up the myocelium of a fungus

Question 4

what is septate hyphae?

Answer 4

hyphae divided into cells with separate nuclei and organelles

Question 5

what is aseptate hyphae?

Answer 5

hyphae not partitioned into smaller cells and are multinucleate and coenocytic

Question 6

what does coenocytic mean?

Answer 6

a multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nucleate divisions without carrying out cytokinesis

Question 7

what is the mycelium?

Answer 7

the entire hyphae mass

Question 8

what was the first eukaryote to have its genome sequenced?

Answer 8

saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 9

what kind of pathogen can switch from budding to hyphae form?

Answer 9

Candida albicans

Question 10

what kind of fungi is apical growth crucial to and why?

Answer 10

saprotrophic fungi as their cellulose decaying enzymes cannot diffuse into woody tissue

Question 11

why is apical growth useful for pathogenic fungi?

Answer 11

because they use this in order to create hydrological pressure in order to penetrate host defences

Question 12

what is a spitzenkorper?

Answer 12

an apical body which is a cluster of small, membrane bound vesicles embedded in a meshwork of microfilaments

Question 13

how are apical bodies transported to the spitzenkorper?

Answer 13

they are produced by the golgi bodies and transported to the tip using microtubules or actin filaments

Question 14

what is the domain of fungi?

Answer 14

eukarya

Question 15

what are the three main phyla of the fungal kingdom?

Answer 15

ascomycota, basidiomyocta and chrytidiomycota

Question 16

what are the features of ascomycota?

Answer 16

constituted of filamentous fungi and yeasts, used medically and commercially, contains diseases causing pathogens

Question 17

how is ascomycota characterised in terms of reproduction?

Answer 17

by the production of spores in ascus during a sexual cycle

Question 18

how do basidiomycota reproduce?

Answer 18

sexually through the production of a basidiocarp and basidiospores

Question 19

what is a basidiocarp?

Answer 19

a fruiting body on which sexually produces spores form, club shaped

Question 20

what kind of mycelium do chrytidiomycota have?

Answer 20

aseptate

Question 21

what is different about the hyphae in chrytidiomyocta?

Answer 21

it may branch to form root-like rhizoids in the food source

Question 22

what is the cell wall of a chrytridiomycota made of?

Answer 22

chitin

Question 23

what is the purpose of a diploid state in fungal reproduction?

Answer 23

a transient state often used in order to get back to the haploid state, before the formation of haploid gametes

Question 24

how does asexual fungal reproduction occur?

Answer 24

nuclei of somatic cells divide by constriction or mitosis and the daughter cells are liberated

Question 25

how does sexual fungal reproduction occur?

Answer 25

fusion of two nuclei that is followed by meiosis to from haploid hyphae cells that are then liberated

Question 26

what two bodies can form as a result of sexual reproduction?

Answer 26

an ascocrap or an ascus

Question 27

what is the difference between an ascocarp or an ascus?

Answer 27

an ascus is a sac-shaped cell in which meiosis produces 8 spores and an ascocarp is the fruiting body

Question 28

what type of fungi has an ascus present?

Answer 28

ascomyces