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DMP 718 - Veterinary Parasitology > Protozoa 2 > Flashcards

Protozoa 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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2
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Hosts and distribution

A

Felines
Warm blooded animals can be PH
Cosmopolitan

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3
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Life cycle

A 
Enteroepithelial: Cats only
Schizogony in jejunum and ileum
Gametogony with development of oocysts
Oocysts in feces for 1-2 weeks
Extraintestinal cycle: All warm blooded animals
Ingestion of sporulated oocysts
Sporozoites are released, invade epithelium and enter circulation
Enter tissues cells, become tachyzoites
Become bradyzoites
Enter chronic or carrier stage
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4
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - PPP

A

Rodent tissue with bradyzoites: 3-10 days

Sporulated oocysts or tachyzoites: 3-7 weeks

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5
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Modes of infection

A
  1. Ingestion of rodents with bradyzoites
  2. Ingestion of sporulated oocysts or tachyzoites
  3. Transplacental tachyzoites
  4. Transmammary tachyzoites
  5. New intestinal infection from reactivated bradyzoites
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6
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Pathology

A

Enteroepithelial: None
Extraintestinal: Brain, eye, lung, liver, LN, myocardium, intestine, pancreas, and abortions

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7
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Clinical signs

A 
PHs - The great imitator
Ocular
Respiratory
Neuromuscular
Cardiac
Reproductive
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8
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Diagnosis

A

Identify oocysts in fecal exam
Serologic test
PCR
IgM or IgG titers

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9
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Treatment

A

Supportive care
Clindamycin
Pyrimethamine
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide

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10
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Prevention and control

A

Change litter boxes daily
Cats shedding should be hospitalized
Prevent predation

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11
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Public health

A
  1. Meat with bradyzoites
    2nd deadliest foodborne illness
  2. Ingestions of sporulated oocysts
  3. Organ transplantation or blood transfusion
  4. Transplacental transmission (tachyzoites)
  5. Goat milk (tachyzoites)
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12
Q

Giardiasis

A

Giardia intestinalis

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13
Q

Giardia spp. - Host and distribution

A

Mammals

Worldwide

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14
Q

Giardia spp. - Assemblage

A

A and B in humans
C and D in dogs
F in cats

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15
Q

Giardia spp. - Morphology

A

Trophozoite: Motile, teardrop or pear shaped, flagella
Cyst: Oval, 2 nuclei

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16
Q

Giardia spp. - Life cycle

A

Ingestion of a cyst
Trophozoites encyst in intestine
Pass into lower SI and large intestine and encyst
Cysts passed in feces

17
Q

Giardia spp. - PPP

A

6-8 days

18
Q

Giardia spp. - Pathology

A

Mechanical: Massive number and damage brush border
Biochemical: Toxins interfere
Bacterial overgrowth

19
Q

Giardia spp. - Clinical signs

A 
Highly variable
Diarrhea (soft, greasy, and mucoid)
Weight loss
Flatulence
Dry skin and poor hair coat
20
Q

Giardia spp. - Diagnosis

A

Direct smear (trophozoites)
ZnSO4 flotation
Stain with Lugol’s iodine
Canine fecal ELISA (encystation protein)

21
Q

Giardia spp. - Treatment

A 
None aproved
Fenbendazole
Drontal plus
Metronidazole
MUST BATHE ON LAST DAY OF TREATMENT
22
Q

Giardia spp. - Control

A

Baths

Keeping areas dry

23
Q

Giardia spp. - Public health

A

Nah, but possible

24
Q

Flagellates

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

25
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Hosts and distribution

A

Cats

26
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Taxonomy

A

Phylum: Protozoa
Subphylum: Sarcomastigophora

27
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Morphology

A

3 flagella anteriorly and 1 posterior flagella

28
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Transmission

A

Direct fecal-oral contamination with trophozoites

29
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Pathogenesis

A

Inflammation in colon produces lymphocytic and plasmacytic enteritis
Mucosal crypt cell necrosis

30
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Clinical signs

A

Chronic low bowel diarrhea
Diarrhea is malodorous, pasty to semiformed to watery, may contain blood and mucus
Flatulence
Weight loss

31
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Treatment

A

Ronidazole (NDA by FDA)

32
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus - Public health

A

Only one case, immunosuppressed

DMP 718 - Veterinary Parasitology (8 decks)

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