Protozoa 2 Flashcards
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii - Hosts and distribution
Felines
Warm blooded animals can be PH
Cosmopolitan
Toxoplasma gondii - Life cycle
Enteroepithelial: Cats only Schizogony in jejunum and ileum Gametogony with development of oocysts Oocysts in feces for 1-2 weeks Extraintestinal cycle: All warm blooded animals Ingestion of sporulated oocysts Sporozoites are released, invade epithelium and enter circulation Enter tissues cells, become tachyzoites Become bradyzoites Enter chronic or carrier stage
Toxoplasma gondii - PPP
Rodent tissue with bradyzoites: 3-10 days
Sporulated oocysts or tachyzoites: 3-7 weeks
Toxoplasma gondii - Modes of infection
- Ingestion of rodents with bradyzoites
- Ingestion of sporulated oocysts or tachyzoites
- Transplacental tachyzoites
- Transmammary tachyzoites
- New intestinal infection from reactivated bradyzoites
Toxoplasma gondii - Pathology
Enteroepithelial: None
Extraintestinal: Brain, eye, lung, liver, LN, myocardium, intestine, pancreas, and abortions
Toxoplasma gondii - Clinical signs
PHs - The great imitator Ocular Respiratory Neuromuscular Cardiac Reproductive
Toxoplasma gondii - Diagnosis
Identify oocysts in fecal exam
Serologic test
PCR
IgM or IgG titers
Toxoplasma gondii - Treatment
Supportive care
Clindamycin
Pyrimethamine
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide
Toxoplasma gondii - Prevention and control
Change litter boxes daily
Cats shedding should be hospitalized
Prevent predation
Toxoplasma gondii - Public health
- Meat with bradyzoites
2nd deadliest foodborne illness - Ingestions of sporulated oocysts
- Organ transplantation or blood transfusion
- Transplacental transmission (tachyzoites)
- Goat milk (tachyzoites)
Giardiasis
Giardia intestinalis
Giardia spp. - Host and distribution
Mammals
Worldwide
Giardia spp. - Assemblage
A and B in humans
C and D in dogs
F in cats
Giardia spp. - Morphology
Trophozoite: Motile, teardrop or pear shaped, flagella
Cyst: Oval, 2 nuclei