GI presentations - Ancylostoma and Strongyloides Flashcards
Hookworms
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma tubaeforme
Ancylostoma braziliense
Uncinaria stenocephala
Hookworm - Hosts and Distribution
Dogs or cats
Worldwide
Tropical and warm temperate areas
Hookworm - Taxonomy
Class: Nematoda
Superfamily: Strongyloidea
Hookworm - Morphology
Large buccal capsule
Males: well-developed bursa
Hookworm - Diagnostic stage
Eggs
Hookworm - Infective stage
L3
Ancylostoma caninum - Morphology
Gray or reddish worms
3 pairs of teeth
Ancylostoma caninum - Life cycle
Eggs in feces Infective larvae in environment 1. Penetrates skin (tracheal migration) 2. Larvae ingested (mucosal migration) 3. Larvae ingested (somatic migration) Adults in small intestine
Ancylostoma caninum - Routes of infection
- Ingestion of infective L3
- Percutaneous
- Transmammary
- Leak back
Ancylostoma caninum - PPP
2 weeks
Ancylostoma tubaeforme - Routes of infection
- Oral route
2. Skin penetration
Ancylostoma tubaeforme - PPP
3 weeks
Uncinaria stenocephala - Host
Dogs
Hookworms - Pathology
Hemorrhagic enteritis
Protein loss from blood loss
Uncinaria stenocephala - Pathology
Mild to non-pathogenic
Blunting and thickening of villi
Hookworms - Clinical signs
Diarrhea and bloody feces Anemia General weakness Emaciation Death
Ancylostoma braziliense - Host and distribution
Cats and dogs
SE United States
Tropics and subtropics
Hookworms - Diagnosis
Eggs in feces
Decrease in PCV
Eosinophilia
Hookworms - Treatment
Fenbenzaole (dogs) Ivermetcin (cats) Milbemycin oxime (both) Moxodectin (both) Pyrantel pamoate (both) Selamectin (cats)
Hookworms - Reduction of transmammary or transplacental transmission
Fenbendazole
Ivermectin
Hookworms - Control
Keep pens dry
Remove feces
Sodium borate
1% bleach
Hookworms - Public health
A. caninum and A. braziliense L3 can penetrate human skin
Cutaneous larva migrans
Strongyloidiasis
Strongyloides steroralis
Strongyloides stercoralis - Common name
Intestinal threadworm
Strongyloides stercoralis - Hosts
Dogs
Cats (rarely)
Strongyloides stercoralis - Geographic distribution
Worldwide
Temperate and tropical
Strongyloides stercoralis - Taxonomy
Class: Nematoda
Suerfamily: Rhabditoidea
Strongyloides stercoralis - Life cycle
L1 in feces L3 penetrate skin Migrate to lungs Swallowed Adults in small intestine
Strongyloides stercoralis - Pathology
Depends on number of worms
Light: Catarrhal enteritis
Heavy: Erosion of epithelium
Inflammation and necrosis of small intestine
Strongyloides stercoralis - Clinical signs
Young animals Anorexia Coughing Purulent conjunctivitis Pneumonia Severe diarrhea Pruritus and dermatitis
Strongyloides stercoralis - Diagnosis
L1 in feces
BAERMANN EXAM
FRESH FECES
Strongyloides stercoralis - Morphology
Genital primordium
Strongyloides stercoralis - Treatment
Fenbendazole
Ivermectin
Strongyloides stercoralis - Public health
Minimal risk
But can be chronic or severe, even lethal in immunocompromised persons
