GI presentations - Ancylostoma and Strongyloides

Question 1

Hookworms

Answer 1

Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma tubaeforme
Ancylostoma braziliense
Uncinaria stenocephala

Question 2

Hookworm - Hosts and Distribution

Answer 2

Dogs or cats
Worldwide
Tropical and warm temperate areas

Question 3

Hookworm - Taxonomy

Answer 3

Class: Nematoda
Superfamily: Strongyloidea

Question 4

Hookworm - Morphology

Answer 4

Large buccal capsule

Males: well-developed bursa

Question 5

Hookworm - Diagnostic stage

Answer 5

Eggs

Question 6

Hookworm - Infective stage

Answer 6

L3

Question 7

Ancylostoma caninum - Morphology

Answer 7

Gray or reddish worms

3 pairs of teeth

Question 8

Ancylostoma caninum - Life cycle

Answer 8

Eggs in feces
Infective larvae in environment
1. Penetrates skin (tracheal migration)
2. Larvae ingested (mucosal migration)
3. Larvae ingested (somatic migration)
Adults in small intestine

Question 9

Ancylostoma caninum - Routes of infection

Answer 9

1. Ingestion of infective L3
2. Percutaneous
3. Transmammary
4. Leak back

Question 10

Ancylostoma caninum - PPP

Answer 10

2 weeks

Question 11

Ancylostoma tubaeforme - Routes of infection

Answer 11

1. Oral route

2. Skin penetration

Question 12

Ancylostoma tubaeforme - PPP

Answer 12

3 weeks

Question 13

Uncinaria stenocephala - Host

Answer 13

Dogs

Question 14

Hookworms - Pathology

Answer 14

Hemorrhagic enteritis

Protein loss from blood loss

Question 15

Uncinaria stenocephala - Pathology

Answer 15

Mild to non-pathogenic

Blunting and thickening of villi

Question 16

Hookworms - Clinical signs

Answer 16

Diarrhea and bloody feces
Anemia
General weakness
Emaciation
Death

Question 17

Ancylostoma braziliense - Host and distribution

Answer 17

Cats and dogs
SE United States
Tropics and subtropics

Question 18

Hookworms - Diagnosis

Answer 18

Eggs in feces
Decrease in PCV
Eosinophilia

Question 19

Hookworms - Treatment

Answer 19

Fenbenzaole (dogs)
Ivermetcin (cats)
Milbemycin oxime (both)
Moxodectin (both)
Pyrantel pamoate (both)
Selamectin (cats)

Question 20

Hookworms - Reduction of transmammary or transplacental transmission

Answer 20

Fenbendazole

Ivermectin

Question 21

Hookworms - Control

Answer 21

Keep pens dry
Remove feces
Sodium borate
1% bleach

Question 22

Hookworms - Public health

Answer 22

A. caninum and A. braziliense L3 can penetrate human skin

Cutaneous larva migrans

Question 23

Strongyloidiasis

Answer 23

Strongyloides steroralis

Question 24

Strongyloides stercoralis - Common name

Answer 24

Intestinal threadworm

Question 25

Strongyloides stercoralis - Hosts

Answer 25

Dogs | Cats (rarely)

Question 26

Strongyloides stercoralis - Geographic distribution

Answer 26

Worldwide | Temperate and tropical

Question 27

Strongyloides stercoralis - Taxonomy

Answer 27

Class: Nematoda Suerfamily: Rhabditoidea

Question 28

Strongyloides stercoralis - Life cycle

Answer 28

``` L1 in feces L3 penetrate skin Migrate to lungs Swallowed Adults in small intestine ```

Question 29

Strongyloides stercoralis - Pathology

Answer 29

Depends on number of worms Light: Catarrhal enteritis Heavy: Erosion of epithelium Inflammation and necrosis of small intestine

Question 30

Strongyloides stercoralis - Clinical signs

Answer 30

``` Young animals Anorexia Coughing Purulent conjunctivitis Pneumonia Severe diarrhea Pruritus and dermatitis ```

Question 31

Strongyloides stercoralis - Diagnosis

Answer 31

L1 in feces BAERMANN EXAM FRESH FECES

Question 32

Strongyloides stercoralis - Morphology

Answer 32

Genital primordium

Question 33

Strongyloides stercoralis - Treatment

Answer 33

Fenbendazole | Ivermectin

Question 34

Strongyloides stercoralis - Public health

Answer 34

Minimal risk | But can be chronic or severe, even lethal in immunocompromised persons