Flukes

Question 1

Alariasis

Answer 1

Alaria sp.

Question 2

Alaria sp. - Hosts and distribution

Answer 2

Carnivores

Question 3

Alaria sp. - Life cycle

Answer 3

Operculated eggs in water
Miracidium hatches and enters snail
Cercariae penetrates tadpole, become mesocercariate
Tadpole eaten by frog or dog
Mesocercariae in dog migrates to intestine

Question 4

Alaria sp. - Morphology

Answer 4

3-10 mm long

Question 5

Alaria sp. - Pathology

Answer 5

Adults in small intestine cause mild enteritis

Migration of mesocercariae most pathogenic, destruction of lung tissue

Question 6

Alaria sp. - Clinical signs

Answer 6

Signs associated with migration of mesocercariae through lungs
Adults in intestine not pathogenic

Question 7

Alaria sp. - Diagnosis

Answer 7

Large, operculated eggs in fecal exam

Question 8

Alaria sp. - Treatment

Answer 8

Praziquantel

Question 9

Alaria sp. - Public health

Answer 9

Death, pulmonary hemmorrhage

Mesocercariae from frog’s legs

Question 10

Salmon Poisoning Complex

Answer 10

Caused by a Neorickettsia sp. in the trematode Nanophyetus salminocola

Question 11

Nanophyetus salmincola - Hosts and distribution

Answer 11

Carnivores

Coastal streams of NW America

Question 12

Nanophyetus salmincola - Common name

Answer 12

Salmon poisoning fluke

Question 13

Nanophyetus salmincola - Morphology

Answer 13

Small fluke

Operculated eggs

Question 14

Nanophyetus salmincola - PPP

Answer 14

1 week

Question 15

Nanophyetus salmincola - Pathology

Answer 15

Fluke is host to Neorickettsia helmintheca

Causes edema/inflammation of lymph nodes and destruction of lymphoid tissue

Question 16

Nanophyetus salmincola - Clinical signs

Answer 16

Fever then normal
Anorexia
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Lymphadenopathy
Death (7-10 days)

Question 17

Nanophyetus salmincola - Diagnosis

Answer 17

History and region
Clinical signs
Operculated eggs in feces
LN aspirate

Question 18

Nanophyetus salmincola - Treatment

Answer 18

Supportive care
N. helmintheoeca: Oxytetracycline or Doxycycline
N. salmincola: Praziquantel

Question 19

Nanophyetus salmincola - Public health

Answer 19

Not zoonotic

Question 20

Heterobilharzia americana - Common name

Answer 20

Canine schistosomiasia

Question 21

Heterobilharzia americana - Hosts and distribution

Answer 21

Dogs, wild canids, raccoon, nutria, mink, horses

NC to FL TX up to KS

Question 22

Heterobilharzia americana - Morphology

Answer 22

Female lives in the gynecophoric groove of the male

Question 23

Heterobilharzia americana - Life cycle

Answer 23

Eggs laid in mesenteric veins
Eggs penetrate into intestinal lumen
Eggs shed in feces
In water, miracidium hatches and penetrates a snail
Develops into a sporocyst and then cercariae
Cercariae attach and penetrate skin of host
Develop into schistosomula, migrate to lungs, then liver
Schistosomula migrates to mesenteric veins where it matures

Question 24

Heterobilharzia americana - Pathology

Answer 24

Granulomas form when eggs become trapped

Liver abscesses

Question 25

Heterobilharzia americana - Clinical signs

Answer 25

``` Lethargy Anorexia Weight loss Vomiting Hypercalcemia Chronic mucoid to hemorrhagic diarrhea PU/PD Coughing ```

Question 26

Heterobilharzia americana - Diagnosis

Answer 26

Clinical signs Geographic region Non-operculated eggs in fecal sedimentation Fecal PCR

Question 27

Heterobilharzia americana - Treatment

Answer 27

Fenbendazole | Praziquantel

Question 28

Platynosomum fastosum - Common name

Answer 28

Feline liver fluke | Lizard poisoning

Question 29

Platynosomum fastosum - Host and distribution

Answer 29

Cats | SE US, Caribbean islands, Hawaii

Question 30

Platynosomum fastosum - Morphology

Answer 30

4-8 mm long | Large operculum on eggs

Question 31

Platynosomum fastosum - Life cycle

Answer 31

Eggs ingested by land snails (cercariae) Lizard secondary IH (metacercarite) Cat eats lizard Flukes migrate to bile ducts

Question 32

Platynosomum fastosum - Pathology

Answer 32

Thickening, cirrhosis, and blockage of bile ducts

Question 33

Platynosomum fastosum - Clinical signs

Answer 33

``` Anorexia Vomiting Lethargy Intermittent diarrhea Weight loss Hepatomegaly ```

Question 34

Platynosomum fastosum - Diagnosis

Answer 34

Find operculated eggs in feces | Sedimentation exam

Question 35

Platynosomum fastosum - Treatment

Answer 35

Praziquantel | Fenbendazole

Question 36

Platynosomum fastosum - Public health

Answer 36

Not zoonotic