Flukes Flashcards
Alariasis
Alaria sp.
Alaria sp. - Hosts and distribution
Carnivores
Alaria sp. - Life cycle
Operculated eggs in water
Miracidium hatches and enters snail
Cercariae penetrates tadpole, become mesocercariate
Tadpole eaten by frog or dog
Mesocercariae in dog migrates to intestine
Alaria sp. - Morphology
3-10 mm long
Alaria sp. - Pathology
Adults in small intestine cause mild enteritis
Migration of mesocercariae most pathogenic, destruction of lung tissue
Alaria sp. - Clinical signs
Signs associated with migration of mesocercariae through lungs
Adults in intestine not pathogenic
Alaria sp. - Diagnosis
Large, operculated eggs in fecal exam
Alaria sp. - Treatment
Praziquantel
Alaria sp. - Public health
Death, pulmonary hemmorrhage
Mesocercariae from frog’s legs
Salmon Poisoning Complex
Caused by a Neorickettsia sp. in the trematode Nanophyetus salminocola
Nanophyetus salmincola - Hosts and distribution
Carnivores
Coastal streams of NW America
Nanophyetus salmincola - Common name
Salmon poisoning fluke
Nanophyetus salmincola - Morphology
Small fluke
Operculated eggs
Nanophyetus salmincola - PPP
1 week
Nanophyetus salmincola - Pathology
Fluke is host to Neorickettsia helmintheca
Causes edema/inflammation of lymph nodes and destruction of lymphoid tissue
Nanophyetus salmincola - Clinical signs
Fever then normal Anorexia Weight loss Diarrhea Vomiting Lymphadenopathy Death (7-10 days)
Nanophyetus salmincola - Diagnosis
History and region
Clinical signs
Operculated eggs in feces
LN aspirate
Nanophyetus salmincola - Treatment
Supportive care
N. helmintheoeca: Oxytetracycline or Doxycycline
N. salmincola: Praziquantel
Nanophyetus salmincola - Public health
Not zoonotic
Heterobilharzia americana - Common name
Canine schistosomiasia
Heterobilharzia americana - Hosts and distribution
Dogs, wild canids, raccoon, nutria, mink, horses
NC to FL TX up to KS
Heterobilharzia americana - Morphology
Female lives in the gynecophoric groove of the male
Heterobilharzia americana - Life cycle
Eggs laid in mesenteric veins
Eggs penetrate into intestinal lumen
Eggs shed in feces
In water, miracidium hatches and penetrates a snail
Develops into a sporocyst and then cercariae
Cercariae attach and penetrate skin of host
Develop into schistosomula, migrate to lungs, then liver
Schistosomula migrates to mesenteric veins where it matures
Heterobilharzia americana - Pathology
Granulomas form when eggs become trapped
Liver abscesses
Heterobilharzia americana - Clinical signs
Lethargy Anorexia Weight loss Vomiting Hypercalcemia Chronic mucoid to hemorrhagic diarrhea PU/PD Coughing
Heterobilharzia americana - Diagnosis
Clinical signs
Geographic region
Non-operculated eggs in fecal sedimentation
Fecal PCR
Heterobilharzia americana - Treatment
Fenbendazole
Praziquantel
Platynosomum fastosum - Common name
Feline liver fluke
Lizard poisoning
Platynosomum fastosum - Host and distribution
Cats
SE US, Caribbean islands, Hawaii
Platynosomum fastosum - Morphology
4-8 mm long
Large operculum on eggs
Platynosomum fastosum - Life cycle
Eggs ingested by land snails (cercariae)
Lizard secondary IH (metacercarite)
Cat eats lizard
Flukes migrate to bile ducts
Platynosomum fastosum - Pathology
Thickening, cirrhosis, and blockage of bile ducts
Platynosomum fastosum - Clinical signs
Anorexia Vomiting Lethargy Intermittent diarrhea Weight loss Hepatomegaly
Platynosomum fastosum - Diagnosis
Find operculated eggs in feces
Sedimentation exam
Platynosomum fastosum - Treatment
Praziquantel
Fenbendazole
Platynosomum fastosum - Public health
Not zoonotic
