Prototype drugs Flashcards
Dopamine (Alpha-and Beta- receptor)
Indication- correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in shock
- Acts directly and by release of norepinephrine from SN terminals; mediates dilation of vessels in renal and splanchnic beds to maintain renal perfusion while stimulating sympathetic response
- Adverse effects: tachycardia, angina, hypotension, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, H/A
prazonsin (Minipress) Alpha1-receptor
Non-prototype
Indication: antihypertensive
Adverse effects: dizziness, H/A, weakness, drowsiness, mental depression, syncope, blurred vision, First dose orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, angina, edema, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, erectile dysfunction, priapism
Propranolol
Indication: treatment of HTN, angina, tachycardia, tremor, prevention of reinfarction after MI, adjunctive therapy in pheochromocytoma, prophylaxis of migraine H/A, management of situational anxiety
- Competitively blocks beta adrenergic receptors in heart and juxtaglomular apparatus
- Adverse effects: allergic reaction, bradycardia, HF, cardiac arrhythmias, CVA, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, decreased excercise tolerance, bronchospasm
Phenylephrine
Indications: cold and allergies, shock and shock-like states, supraventricular tachycardias, glaucoma, allergic rhinitis, otitis media, drug induced hypotension, maintain BP
- Acts on powerful postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor stimulant causing vasoconstriction and raising systolic and diastolic BP ith little effect on beta receptros of heart
- Adverse effects: fear, anxiety, restlessness, H/A, nausea, decreased urine formation, pallor
Isoproterenol
management of bronchospasm during anesthesia, vasopressor during shock; adjunct in the management of cardiac standstill and arrest, as well as, serious ventricular arrhythmias
- Acts on beta adrenergic receptros to produce increase heart rate, bronchodilation, and vasodilation
- Adverse effects: restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, respiratory difficulties, coughing, pulmonary edema, sweating, pallor
Labetalol
Indications: HTN, control of BP in pheochromocytora, clonidine withdrawl HTN
- Competitively blocks alpha and beta receptor sites in the SNS, leading to lower BP without reflex tachycardia and decreased renin levels
- Adverse effects: Dizziness, vertigo, datigue, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough, and decreased excercise tolerance
Phentolamine
indications: prevention or control of HTN episodes associated with pheochromocytoma, test for diagonosis of pheochromocytoma, prevention and treatment of demal necrosis associative with IV norepinephrine or dopamine
- Competitively blocks postsynaptic alpha and presynaptic alpha2 receptors, causing vasodilation and decreased BP accompanied by reflex tachycardia
- Adverse effects: acute and prolonged hypotensive episodes, MI, arrhythmias, nausea, flushing
Doxazosin
Indications: treatment of mild to mod. HTN as monotherapy or in combo. with other antiHTN; treatment of BPH
- Acts on reducing total peripheral resistance through alpha blockade; does not affect HR or cardiac output; increased high diversity lipoproteins while decreased total cholesterol levels
- Adverse effects: H/A, fatigue, dizziness, postural dizziness, tachycardia, edema, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, sexual dysfunction
Atenolol
Indication: treatment of angina pectoris, HTN, MI, prevention of migraines, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and tachycardias
- Blocks beta adrenergic receptors and decrease excitability of heart, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, decreased renin release with decreased BP
- Adverse effects: allergic reactions, dizziness, bradycardia, HF, arrhythmias, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, decrease excercise tolerance
