ANS

Question 1

acetylcholinesterase

Answer 1

enzyme responsible for the immediate breakdown of acetylcholine when released from the nerve ending; prevents overstimulation of cholinergic receptor sites

Question 2

adrenergic receptors

Answer 2

receptor sites on effectors that respond to norepinephrine

Question 3

Alpha-receptors

Answer 3

adrenergic receptors that are found in smooth muscles

Question 4

autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

portion of the central and peripheral nervous system that, with the endocrine system, functions to maintain internal homeostasis

Question 5

beta-receptors

Answer 5

adrenergic receptors that are found in the heart, lungs, and vascular smooth muscle

Question 6

cholinergic receptors

Answer 6

receptor sites on effectors that respond to acetylcholine

Question 7

ganglia

Answer 7

groups of closely packed nerve cell bodies

Question 8

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Answer 8

enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine to make it inactive

Question 9

muscarinic receptors

Answer 9

cholinergic receptors that also respond to stimulation by muscarine

Question 10

nicotinic receptors

Answer 10

cholinergic receptors that also respond to stimulation by nicotine

Question 11

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

“rest-and-digest” response mediator that contains CNS cells from the cranium or sacral area of the spinal cord, long preganglionic axons, ganglia near or within the effector tissue, and short postganglionic axons that react with cholinergic receptors

Question 12

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

“fight-or-flight” response mediator; composed of CNS cells from the thoracic or lumbar areas, short preganglionic axons, ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic axons that react with adrenergic receptors.

Question 13

Effects of Alpha₁-receptors

Answer 13

Vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance with increased blood pressure, contracted piloerection muscles, pupil dilation, thickened salivary secretions, closure of urinary bladder sphincter, male sexual emission

Question 14

Effects of Alpha₂-receptors

Answer 14

negative feedback control of norepinephrine release from presynaptic neuron, moderation of insulin release from the pancreas

Question 15

Beta₁-receptors

Answer 15

increased HR, increased conduction through the atrioventricular node, increased myocardial contraction, lipolysis in peripheral tissues