protostomes Flashcards
What are the two major groups of protostomes?
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
What cleavage do protostomes have?
spiral cleavage
During Gastrulation what forms first in protostomes?
mouth
What is the biggest phyla in protostomes?
Insects
What are some defining characteristics of protostomes?
bilaterally symmetric, triploblastic, and coelomate
What are Lophotrochozoa defined by?
having a lophophore (rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding)
What are characteristics of Ecdysozoan?
They grow by molting.
What are some phyla of Lophotrochozoan?
Molluscs, Annelids, and Flatworms
What are some phyla of Ecdysozoan?
roundworms (Nemaoda), Onychophora, Tardigrada and arthropods (arthropoda)
What is the basic body plan of most protostome phyle?
wormlike bodies with basic tube-within-a-tube design
What two phyla developed pseudocoeloms independently?
rotifers and ecdysozoans.
What two phyla have reduced coeloms?
Arthropoda and Mollusca
What roles does a coelom have?
space for fluids to circulate organs
hydrostatic skeleton for movement
What defines an Arthropod?
jointed limbs and exoskeleton made of chitin.
segmented bodies
locomotion based on muscles that press on exoskeleton
hemocoel provides space for organs and fluid movement
What defines a Molluscan?
A foot (large muscle) visceral mass (organs and gill) mantle (tissue layer that covers`
Echiurans have?
a proboscis forms a gutter
Priapulids have?
toothed throat that turns inside out
Nemerteans have?
barb-tipped probosics that spears prey
Water to land transition adaptaions.
movement, metamorphosis, eggs that would not dry out on land
What are the four phyla of Lophotrochozoans?
Rotifers, Platyhelmintes, Annelida, and Mollusca
What are Rotifera?
Rotifers, have a corona covered in cillia. uses corona for movement
What are Platyhelminthes?
Flatworms
are flat for gas exchange, only one opening for food and wastes
What are the three major subgroups of flatworms?
turbellarians (free living)
Cestodes (Endoparasitic )
Trematodes (endo-ectoparasitic flukes)
What are Annelida?
Segmented Worms
What are the two major lineages of Annelida?
Polychaeta and Clitellata
What defines Polychaeta?
many bristle-like extensions called chaetae
What defines Clitellata?
Oligochaetes (earthworms) and Leeches
What are the four major lineages of Mollusca?
Bivalves, Gastropods, Chitons, and cephalopods
What are some species of Gastropodia?
Snails, Slugs, Nudibranchs
What are Polyplacophora?
Chitons that have eight calcium carbonate plates that forma a protective shell
What are Cephalopoda?
Nautilus, Cuttlefish, Squid, Octopuses
They have tentacles
Have radula and beak
Reproduction is done with a spermatophore packet
What are defining characteristics of Onychophora?
limbs not jointed, no exoskeleton and small caterpillar-like organisms
What are defining characteristics of Tardiagrada?
They are water bears, limbs are not joined, no exoskeleton
What are Nematoda?
Roundworms
unsegmented worms with a pseudocoelom
What are three groups of Arthropoda?
Myriapods, Chelicerata, and Insecta
What are Myriapods?
Millipedes, Centipedes, have series of short segments, sexes are separate and fertilization is internal
What are Chelicerata?
Spiders, Ticks, Mites.
They are named for chelicerae used for feeding, defense, copulation, movement, or sensory reception.
What are Insecta?
Insects!
They have three body regions.
Insecta Coleoptera:
Beetles (Sheath-winged) 350,000 species
Insecta Lepidotera:
Butterflies, Moths (scale winged) 180,000 species
Insecta Diptera:
flies (Two-winged) 120,000 species
Insecta Hymenoptera:
ants, bees, wasps (membrane winged) 115,000 species
Insecta Hemiptera:
Bugs (leaf hoppers) (Different-winged) 85,000
Insecta Orthoptera:
Grasshoppers, crickets (Straight-winged) 20,000
Insecta Trichoptera:
Caddisflies (hairy-winged) 12,000 species
Insecta Odonata:
Dragonflies, damselflies (toothed) 6500 species
What are Crustaceans?
Shrimp, Lobster, Crabs 67,000 species
Cephalothorax and abdomen
carapace platelike section of exoskeleton
