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Biology > protostomes > Flashcards

protostomes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two major groups of protostomes?

A

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

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2
Q

What cleavage do protostomes have?

A

spiral cleavage

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3
Q

During Gastrulation what forms first in protostomes?

A

mouth

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4
Q

What is the biggest phyla in protostomes?

A

Insects

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5
Q

What are some defining characteristics of protostomes?

A

bilaterally symmetric, triploblastic, and coelomate

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6
Q

What are Lophotrochozoa defined by?

A

having a lophophore (rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding)

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7
Q

What are characteristics of Ecdysozoan?

A

They grow by molting.

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8
Q

What are some phyla of Lophotrochozoan?

A

Molluscs, Annelids, and Flatworms

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9
Q

What are some phyla of Ecdysozoan?

A

roundworms (Nemaoda), Onychophora, Tardigrada and arthropods (arthropoda)

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10
Q

What is the basic body plan of most protostome phyle?

A

wormlike bodies with basic tube-within-a-tube design

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11
Q

What two phyla developed pseudocoeloms independently?

A

rotifers and ecdysozoans.

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12
Q

What two phyla have reduced coeloms?

A

Arthropoda and Mollusca

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13
Q

What roles does a coelom have?

A

space for fluids to circulate organs

hydrostatic skeleton for movement

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14
Q

What defines an Arthropod?

A

jointed limbs and exoskeleton made of chitin.
segmented bodies
locomotion based on muscles that press on exoskeleton
hemocoel provides space for organs and fluid movement

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15
Q

What defines a Molluscan?

A 
A foot (large muscle)
visceral mass (organs and gill)
mantle (tissue layer that covers`
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16
Q

Echiurans have?

A

a proboscis forms a gutter

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17
Q

Priapulids have?

A

toothed throat that turns inside out

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18
Q

Nemerteans have?

A

barb-tipped probosics that spears prey

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19
Q

Water to land transition adaptaions.

A

movement, metamorphosis, eggs that would not dry out on land

20
Q

What are the four phyla of Lophotrochozoans?

A

Rotifers, Platyhelmintes, Annelida, and Mollusca

21
Q

What are Rotifera?

A

Rotifers, have a corona covered in cillia. uses corona for movement

22
Q

What are Platyhelminthes?

A

Flatworms

are flat for gas exchange, only one opening for food and wastes

23
Q

What are the three major subgroups of flatworms?

A

turbellarians (free living)
Cestodes (Endoparasitic )
Trematodes (endo-ectoparasitic flukes)

24
Q

What are Annelida?

A

Segmented Worms

25
Q

What are the two major lineages of Annelida?

A

Polychaeta and Clitellata

26
Q

What defines Polychaeta?

A

many bristle-like extensions called chaetae

27
Q

What defines Clitellata?

A

Oligochaetes (earthworms) and Leeches

28
Q

What are the four major lineages of Mollusca?

A

Bivalves, Gastropods, Chitons, and cephalopods

29
Q

What are some species of Gastropodia?

A

Snails, Slugs, Nudibranchs

30
Q

What are Polyplacophora?

A

Chitons that have eight calcium carbonate plates that forma a protective shell

31
Q

What are Cephalopoda?

A

Nautilus, Cuttlefish, Squid, Octopuses
They have tentacles
Have radula and beak
Reproduction is done with a spermatophore packet

32
Q

What are defining characteristics of Onychophora?

A

limbs not jointed, no exoskeleton and small caterpillar-like organisms

33
Q

What are defining characteristics of Tardiagrada?

A

They are water bears, limbs are not joined, no exoskeleton

34
Q

What are Nematoda?

A

Roundworms

unsegmented worms with a pseudocoelom

35
Q

What are three groups of Arthropoda?

A

Myriapods, Chelicerata, and Insecta

36
Q

What are Myriapods?

A

Millipedes, Centipedes, have series of short segments, sexes are separate and fertilization is internal

37
Q

What are Chelicerata?

A

Spiders, Ticks, Mites.

They are named for chelicerae used for feeding, defense, copulation, movement, or sensory reception.

38
Q

What are Insecta?

A

Insects!

They have three body regions.

39
Q

Insecta Coleoptera:

A

Beetles (Sheath-winged) 350,000 species

40
Q

Insecta Lepidotera:

A

Butterflies, Moths (scale winged) 180,000 species

41
Q

Insecta Diptera:

A

flies (Two-winged) 120,000 species

42
Q

Insecta Hymenoptera:

A

ants, bees, wasps (membrane winged) 115,000 species

43
Q

Insecta Hemiptera:

A

Bugs (leaf hoppers) (Different-winged) 85,000

44
Q

Insecta Orthoptera:

A

Grasshoppers, crickets (Straight-winged) 20,000

45
Q

Insecta Trichoptera:

A

Caddisflies (hairy-winged) 12,000 species

46
Q

Insecta Odonata:

A

Dragonflies, damselflies (toothed) 6500 species

47
Q

What are Crustaceans?

A

Shrimp, Lobster, Crabs 67,000 species
Cephalothorax and abdomen
carapace platelike section of exoskeleton

Biology (14 decks)

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