Animals

Question 1

Animals are characterized by what three traits?

Answer 1

Multicellular
heterotrophs - ingesting food
move under their own power at some point

Question 2

What are tissues?

Answer 2

tightly integrated structural and functional units of cells

Question 3

Muscle and nerve tissue are exclusive to what lineage?

Answer 3

Animals

Question 4

When it comes to diploid and haploid cells what stages of life are assigned to each?

Answer 4

haploid gametes, diploid Adults

Question 5

What four features define an animal’s body plan?

Answer 5

number of embryonic tissue layers
type of body symmetry and degree of cephalization
presence or absence of a fluid-filled body cavity
how earliest events of embryonic development proceed

Question 6

What is cephalization

Answer 6

formation of head region

Question 7

What is an epithelium?

Answer 7

layer of tightly joined cells that cover the body surface

Question 8

What is a diploblast?

Answer 8

Animals with embryos that have two types of tissues. Ectoderm and Endoderm

Question 9

What is a triploblast?

Answer 9

Animals whose embryos have three types of tissues: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Question 10

What is the only animal that is asymmetric?

Answer 10

Sponges

Question 11

What is radial symmetry defined as?

Answer 11

having at least two planes of symmetry

Question 12

What is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 12

having a single plane of symmetry

Question 13

What did bilateral symmetry lead to?

Answer 13

Cephalization

Question 14

What is a Coelom?

Answer 14

an enclosed fluid filled body cavity

Question 15

What is an animal without a coelom called?

Answer 15

an acoelomate.

Question 16

What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

Answer 16

a skeleton created by a coelom that allows soft bodies animals to move

Question 17

Excluding adult echinoderms what do all coelomates have?

Answer 17

bilateral symmetry and three embryonic tissue layers

Question 18

What is Cleavage?

Answer 18

a rapid series of mitotic divisions.

Question 19

What is Gastrulation?

Answer 19

a series of cell movements that results in embryonic tissue layers

Question 20

Protostomes have what cleavage?

Answer 20

spiral cleavage

Question 21

deutrostomes have what cleavage?

Answer 21

radial cleavage

Question 22

Protostomes have what pore form first in gastrulation?

Answer 22

Mouth

Question 23

Deutrostomes have what pore form first in gastrulation?

Answer 23

Anus

Question 24

Are Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa protostomes or deutrostomes?

Answer 24

protostomes

Question 25

What subgroups evolved segmentation independently?

Answer 25

annelids and arthropods

Question 26

Are Invertebrates paraphyletic or monophyletic

Answer 26

paraphyletic

Question 27

what are detritivores?

Answer 27

animals that feed on dead organic matter

Question 28

what is an endoparasite?

Answer 28

parasites that live inside their hosts

Question 29

what are ectoparasites?

Answer 29

parasites that live outside their hosts

Question 30

what is viviparous?

Answer 30

eggs retained in females body during development

Question 31

what is oviparous?

Answer 31

eggs laid outside and develop independent of mother

Question 32

ovoviviparous

Answer 32

female retains eggs inside her body, but embryos are nourished by yolk inside egg and not by mother

Question 33

What is holometabolous metamorphosis?

Answer 33

larva and adult look really different

Question 34

WHat is hemimetabolous metamorphosis?

Answer 34

juvenile form called a nymph and looks like minature adult

Question 35

What are the Basal lineages?

Answer 35

Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Acoelomorpha

Question 36

What are Porifera?

Answer 36

Sponges

Question 37

What are traits that Porifera have?

Answer 37

They live at bottom of aquatic environments (Benthic), suspension feeders, bodies are built around a system of tubes and pores.

Question 38

What are Cnidaria?

Answer 38

Jellyfish, Corals, Anemones, Hydroids, and Sea Fans

Question 39

What are traits of Cnidaria?

Answer 39

radially symmetric, have a cnidocyte, and have a holometabolous metamorphosis.

Question 40

What are Ctenophora?

Answer 40

Comb Jellies

Question 41

What are traits of Ctenophora?

Answer 41

transparent, ciliated, gelatinous, and move by beating cillia running length of the body

Question 42

What are traits of Acoelomorpha?

Answer 42

bilaterally symmetric worms, triploblastic but lack a coelom.