Animals Flashcards
Animals are characterized by what three traits?
Multicellular
heterotrophs - ingesting food
move under their own power at some point
What are tissues?
tightly integrated structural and functional units of cells
Muscle and nerve tissue are exclusive to what lineage?
Animals
When it comes to diploid and haploid cells what stages of life are assigned to each?
haploid gametes, diploid Adults
What four features define an animal’s body plan?
number of embryonic tissue layers
type of body symmetry and degree of cephalization
presence or absence of a fluid-filled body cavity
how earliest events of embryonic development proceed
What is cephalization
formation of head region
What is an epithelium?
layer of tightly joined cells that cover the body surface
What is a diploblast?
Animals with embryos that have two types of tissues. Ectoderm and Endoderm
What is a triploblast?
Animals whose embryos have three types of tissues: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
What is the only animal that is asymmetric?
Sponges
What is radial symmetry defined as?
having at least two planes of symmetry
What is bilateral symmetry?
having a single plane of symmetry
What did bilateral symmetry lead to?
Cephalization
What is a Coelom?
an enclosed fluid filled body cavity
What is an animal without a coelom called?
an acoelomate.
What is a hydrostatic skeleton?
a skeleton created by a coelom that allows soft bodies animals to move
Excluding adult echinoderms what do all coelomates have?
bilateral symmetry and three embryonic tissue layers
What is Cleavage?
a rapid series of mitotic divisions.
What is Gastrulation?
a series of cell movements that results in embryonic tissue layers
Protostomes have what cleavage?
spiral cleavage
deutrostomes have what cleavage?
radial cleavage
Protostomes have what pore form first in gastrulation?
Mouth
Deutrostomes have what pore form first in gastrulation?
Anus
Are Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa protostomes or deutrostomes?
protostomes
What subgroups evolved segmentation independently?
annelids and arthropods
Are Invertebrates paraphyletic or monophyletic
paraphyletic
what are detritivores?
animals that feed on dead organic matter
what is an endoparasite?
parasites that live inside their hosts
what are ectoparasites?
parasites that live outside their hosts
what is viviparous?
eggs retained in females body during development
what is oviparous?
eggs laid outside and develop independent of mother
ovoviviparous
female retains eggs inside her body, but embryos are nourished by yolk inside egg and not by mother
What is holometabolous metamorphosis?
larva and adult look really different
WHat is hemimetabolous metamorphosis?
juvenile form called a nymph and looks like minature adult
What are the Basal lineages?
Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Acoelomorpha
What are Porifera?
Sponges
What are traits that Porifera have?
They live at bottom of aquatic environments (Benthic), suspension feeders, bodies are built around a system of tubes and pores.
What are Cnidaria?
Jellyfish, Corals, Anemones, Hydroids, and Sea Fans
What are traits of Cnidaria?
radially symmetric, have a cnidocyte, and have a holometabolous metamorphosis.
What are Ctenophora?
Comb Jellies
What are traits of Ctenophora?
transparent, ciliated, gelatinous, and move by beating cillia running length of the body
What are traits of Acoelomorpha?
bilaterally symmetric worms, triploblastic but lack a coelom.
