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Biology > Animals > Flashcards

Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Animals are characterized by what three traits?

A

Multicellular
heterotrophs - ingesting food
move under their own power at some point

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2
Q

What are tissues?

A

tightly integrated structural and functional units of cells

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3
Q

Muscle and nerve tissue are exclusive to what lineage?

A

Animals

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4
Q

When it comes to diploid and haploid cells what stages of life are assigned to each?

A

haploid gametes, diploid Adults

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5
Q

What four features define an animal’s body plan?

A

number of embryonic tissue layers
type of body symmetry and degree of cephalization
presence or absence of a fluid-filled body cavity
how earliest events of embryonic development proceed

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6
Q

What is cephalization

A

formation of head region

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7
Q

What is an epithelium?

A

layer of tightly joined cells that cover the body surface

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8
Q

What is a diploblast?

A

Animals with embryos that have two types of tissues. Ectoderm and Endoderm

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9
Q

What is a triploblast?

A

Animals whose embryos have three types of tissues: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

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10
Q

What is the only animal that is asymmetric?

A

Sponges

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11
Q

What is radial symmetry defined as?

A

having at least two planes of symmetry

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12
Q

What is bilateral symmetry?

A

having a single plane of symmetry

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13
Q

What did bilateral symmetry lead to?

A

Cephalization

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14
Q

What is a Coelom?

A

an enclosed fluid filled body cavity

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15
Q

What is an animal without a coelom called?

A

an acoelomate.

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16
Q

What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

a skeleton created by a coelom that allows soft bodies animals to move

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17
Q

Excluding adult echinoderms what do all coelomates have?

A

bilateral symmetry and three embryonic tissue layers

18
Q

What is Cleavage?

A

a rapid series of mitotic divisions.

19
Q

What is Gastrulation?

A

a series of cell movements that results in embryonic tissue layers

20
Q

Protostomes have what cleavage?

A

spiral cleavage

21
Q

deutrostomes have what cleavage?

A

radial cleavage

22
Q

Protostomes have what pore form first in gastrulation?

A

Mouth

23
Q

Deutrostomes have what pore form first in gastrulation?

A

Anus

24
Q

Are Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa protostomes or deutrostomes?

A

protostomes

25
Q

What subgroups evolved segmentation independently?

A

annelids and arthropods

26
Q

Are Invertebrates paraphyletic or monophyletic

A

paraphyletic

27
Q

what are detritivores?

A

animals that feed on dead organic matter

28
Q

what is an endoparasite?

A

parasites that live inside their hosts

29
Q

what are ectoparasites?

A

parasites that live outside their hosts

30
Q

what is viviparous?

A

eggs retained in females body during development

31
Q

what is oviparous?

A

eggs laid outside and develop independent of mother

32
Q

ovoviviparous

A

female retains eggs inside her body, but embryos are nourished by yolk inside egg and not by mother

33
Q

What is holometabolous metamorphosis?

A

larva and adult look really different

34
Q

WHat is hemimetabolous metamorphosis?

A

juvenile form called a nymph and looks like minature adult

35
Q

What are the Basal lineages?

A

Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Acoelomorpha

36
Q

What are Porifera?

A

Sponges

37
Q

What are traits that Porifera have?

A

They live at bottom of aquatic environments (Benthic), suspension feeders, bodies are built around a system of tubes and pores.

38
Q

What are Cnidaria?

A

Jellyfish, Corals, Anemones, Hydroids, and Sea Fans

39
Q

What are traits of Cnidaria?

A

radially symmetric, have a cnidocyte, and have a holometabolous metamorphosis.

40
Q

What are Ctenophora?

A

Comb Jellies

41
Q

What are traits of Ctenophora?

A

transparent, ciliated, gelatinous, and move by beating cillia running length of the body

42
Q

What are traits of Acoelomorpha?

A

bilaterally symmetric worms, triploblastic but lack a coelom.

Biology (14 decks)

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