Protists Info Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Protists and humans

A
  • Irish potato famine of 1845

- Malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Algal Blooms

A
  • Red tide
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Poisoning in humans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aquatic food chains

A

-Protists fix half of world’s carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Protists and climate change

A
  • Global carbon cycle

- Phytoplankton act as key carbon sink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diversification of Protista

A
  • Paraphyletic

- Earliest eukaryotes must have had unicelluar, nucleus, mitochondria, no cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Protista

A
  • Includes all eukaryotes (not land plants, fungi, and animals)
  • no single trait found in Protista but not in other groups
  • low species diversity
  • extremely abundant
  • not monophyletic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Origin of the nuclear envelope

A
  • Leading hypothesis: cell membrane folded in on itself; also creating ER
  • Evidence: infoldings are present in some bacteria; nuclear envelopes is continuous with ER
  • Advantage: separation of transcription of and translation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Origin of mitochondria

A
  • Endosymbiosis theory: mitochondrion took up residence in eukaryotic cell; 2 billion years ago; eukaryote engulfs bacteria but did not consume; eukaryote provided protection; bacterium supplied ATP
  • Symbiosis: mutually beneficial for 2 species when in contact
  • Endosymbiosis: symbiosis when 1 lives inside another
  • Evidence: same size as bacterium; have own genes (self-replicate); manufacture own proteins; have double membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Origin of the chloroplast

A

-photosynthesis originated in bacteria; protist engulfed cyanobactera; another protist engulfed that protist (secondary endosymbiosis); chloroplasts: have 4 membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do protists eat?

A
  • Phagocytosis: ingest packets of food; eat bacteria, archaea, and other protists
  • Absorptive feeding: nutrient taken directly from environment; common; decomposers; parasites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protist motion

A
  • Amoeboid motion via pseudopodia
  • Swimming via flagella
  • Swimming via cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amoebozoa

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Amoeboid motion: lobose pseudopods (blunt)
  • includes amoebae and slime molds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rhizaria

A
  • Amoeba-like
  • Lack cell walls
  • Amoeboid motion: long, slender pseudopodia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Excavata

A
  • “excavated” feeding groove
  • lacks mitochondria
  • e.g. Giardia
  • Have flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Excavata: Euglenida

A
  • 1/3 are photosynthetic

- some have light sensitive eyespots: swim towards light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Plantae

A
  • red algae, green algae, and land plants
  • mostly multicellular
  • cell walls: cellulose
  • mostly photosynthetic
  • no flagella
17
Q

Alveolata

A
  • Small sacs: alveoli
  • Unicellular
  • Diverse in morphology
18
Q

Stramenopila

A
  • Some stage: distinctive hollow hairs

- Types: oomycota (cell wall: cellulose); diatoms; brown algae