Protists

Question 1

What is endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 1

Some organelles evolved via endosymbiosis between an ancestral eukaryote and a bacterial cell.

Question 2

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 2

Organism living within another organism and providing some type of benefit.

Question 3

What is primary endosymbiosis?

Answer 3

The process in which a cell engulfs another cell.

Question 4

What is secondary endosymbiosis?

Answer 4

Is the process by which a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

Question 5

What can cells form in unfavorable environments?

Answer 5

Cysts

Question 6

What is a cyst?

Answer 6

Dormant cells with a resistant outer covering.

Question 7

What are cilia?

Answer 7

Numerous short hairlike structures.

Question 8

What are pseudopods?

Answer 8

Temporary projection of the cell membrane. Fills up with cytoplasm and the cell is drawn forward.

Question 9

What are flagella?

Answer 9

Slender threadlike structures with a rotation-like movement.

Question 10

What are autotrophs?

Answer 10

Forms nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances.

Question 11

Autotrophs can come in what 2 forms.

Answer 11

1. Synthetic
2. Chemoautotrophic

Question 12

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 12

Get nutrition from complex organic substances.

Question 13

What are phagotrophs?

Answer 13

Ingest particulate food matter (from phagocytosis)

Question 14

What are mixotrophs?

Answer 14

Both photo and heterotrophic.

Question 15

What are the 6 eukaryotic supergroups?

Answer 15

1. Archaeplastidia
2. Excavata
3. Opsinthokonta
4. Rhizaria
5. Chromoalveolata
6. Amoebozoa

Question 16

Excavata are divided into what 3 groups?

Answer 16

1. Diplomonads
2. Parabasalids
3. Euglenozoans

Question 17

Diplomonads and parabasalids have what 3 things in common?

Answer 17

1. Two nuclei
2. Multiple flagella
3. Modified mitochondria

Question 18

What are the 2 characteristics of Euglenozoans?

Answer 18

1. Unique flagella
2. Have several chloroplasts

Question 19

What two groups make up chromoalveolata?

Answer 19

Alveolates and stremenopiles

Question 20

What is a characteristic of alveolata?

Answer 20

Have alveoli

Question 21

What are some characteristics of stramenopila?

Answer 21

Have two flagella with fine hairs and chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis.

Question 22

What is the apical complex?

Answer 22

Structure that allows apicomplexan to enter a cell.

Question 23

Phytophthora infestans we’re the cause of what?

Answer 23

The Irish potato famine.

Question 24

What are tests?

Answer 24

Pored shells through which thin podia extend.

Question 25

What is plasmodium?

Answer 25

A non walled multi-nuclear mass of cytoplasm.

Question 26

What are the man characteristic of eukaryotes?

Answer 26

1. Membrane bound organelles and nucleus 2. Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis

Question 27

How do protists move?

Answer 27

1. Cilia 2. Flagella 3. Pseudopods

Question 28

Name one fact about Excavata-Diplomona?

Answer 28

1. Causes giardiasis 2. Commonly called beaver fever 3. Acquired through contaminated water, soil, or food.

Question 29

Name one fact about Excavata parabasilid

Answer 29

1. Causes trichomoniasis 2. Parasite of the human reproductive tract 3. most common STD

Question 30

Name one fact about Excavata-Euglenozoans

Answer 30

1. Bodies change shape when swimming- elongate to round 2. Tripansoma species cause disease. 3. African sleeping sickness 4. Chagas disease

Question 31

Name one fact about chromoalveolata-alveolates

Answer 31

1. Dinoflagellates 2. Make up large portion of plankton 3. Cause of red tides 4. Toxoplasma gondii- transmitted from cats

Question 32

Name one fact about chromalveolata-stremenopiles

Answer 32

1. Oomycetes 2. Cause of Irish potato famine 3. Brown algae-largest algal groups 4. Diatoms

Question 33

Name one fact about Rhizaria- forminiferans

Answer 33

1. Heterotrophic marine protists 2. Limestone rich in forams 3. Pored shells called tests

Question 34

Name one fact about Archeaplastidia- red algae

Answer 34

1. Occur in deep ocean 2. Microscopic to very large 3. Generally red in color

Question 35

Name one fact about Archaeplastidia- green algae

Answer 35

1. Mainly freshwater some marine 2. Considered plants and gave rise to land plants 3. Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular

Question 36

Name one fact about Amoebozoa- amoeba

Answer 36

1. Found in soil and freshwater 2. Some parasitic 3. Acanthomoeba- enters body through wound and crosses blood-brain barrier

Question 37

Name one fact about Amoebozoa- plasmodial slime molds

Answer 37

1. Exists as plasmodium 2. Engulf and digest bacteria, yeasts, and other small particles

Question 38

Name one fact about Opsthokonta- choanoflagellates

Answer 38

1. Unicellular 2. Thought to be closest living relative to animals 3. 125 extant species of chanoflagellates