Protists Flashcards

1
Q

What is endosymbiotic theory?

A

Some organelles evolved via endosymbiosis between an ancestral eukaryote and a bacterial cell.

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2
Q

What is endosymbiosis?

A

Organism living within another organism and providing some type of benefit.

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3
Q

What is primary endosymbiosis?

A

The process in which a cell engulfs another cell.

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4
Q

What is secondary endosymbiosis?

A

Is the process by which a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

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5
Q

What can cells form in unfavorable environments?

A

Cysts

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6
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Dormant cells with a resistant outer covering.

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7
Q

What are cilia?

A

Numerous short hairlike structures.

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8
Q

What are pseudopods?

A

Temporary projection of the cell membrane. Fills up with cytoplasm and the cell is drawn forward.

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9
Q

What are flagella?

A

Slender threadlike structures with a rotation-like movement.

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10
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Forms nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances.

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11
Q

Autotrophs can come in what 2 forms.

A
  1. Synthetic
  2. Chemoautotrophic
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12
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Get nutrition from complex organic substances.

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13
Q

What are phagotrophs?

A

Ingest particulate food matter (from phagocytosis)

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14
Q

What are mixotrophs?

A

Both photo and heterotrophic.

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15
Q

What are the 6 eukaryotic supergroups?

A
  1. Archaeplastidia
  2. Excavata
  3. Opsinthokonta
  4. Rhizaria
  5. Chromoalveolata
  6. Amoebozoa
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16
Q

Excavata are divided into what 3 groups?

A
  1. Diplomonads
  2. Parabasalids
  3. Euglenozoans
17
Q

Diplomonads and parabasalids have what 3 things in common?

A
  1. Two nuclei
  2. Multiple flagella
  3. Modified mitochondria
18
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Euglenozoans?

A
  1. Unique flagella
  2. Have several chloroplasts
19
Q

What two groups make up chromoalveolata?

A

Alveolates and stremenopiles

20
Q

What is a characteristic of alveolata?

A

Have alveoli

21
Q

What are some characteristics of stramenopila?

A

Have two flagella with fine hairs and chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis.

22
Q

What is the apical complex?

A

Structure that allows apicomplexan to enter a cell.

23
Q

Phytophthora infestans we’re the cause of what?

A

The Irish potato famine.

24
Q

What are tests?

A

Pored shells through which thin podia extend.

25
What is plasmodium?
A non walled multi-nuclear mass of cytoplasm.
26
What are the man characteristic of eukaryotes?
1. Membrane bound organelles and nucleus 2. Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis
27
How do protists move?
1. Cilia 2. Flagella 3. Pseudopods
28
Name one fact about Excavata-Diplomona?
1. Causes giardiasis 2. Commonly called beaver fever 3. Acquired through contaminated water, soil, or food.
29
Name one fact about Excavata parabasilid
1. Causes trichomoniasis 2. Parasite of the human reproductive tract 3. most common STD
30
Name one fact about Excavata-Euglenozoans
1. Bodies change shape when swimming- elongate to round 2. Tripansoma species cause disease. 3. African sleeping sickness 4. Chagas disease
31
Name one fact about chromoalveolata-alveolates
1. Dinoflagellates 2. Make up large portion of plankton 3. Cause of red tides 4. Toxoplasma gondii- transmitted from cats
32
Name one fact about chromalveolata-stremenopiles
1. Oomycetes 2. Cause of Irish potato famine 3. Brown algae-largest algal groups 4. Diatoms
33
Name one fact about Rhizaria- forminiferans
1. Heterotrophic marine protists 2. Limestone rich in forams 3. Pored shells called tests
34
Name one fact about Archeaplastidia- red algae
1. Occur in deep ocean 2. Microscopic to very large 3. Generally red in color
35
Name one fact about Archaeplastidia- green algae
1. Mainly freshwater some marine 2. Considered plants and gave rise to land plants 3. Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular
36
Name one fact about Amoebozoa- amoeba
1. Found in soil and freshwater 2. Some parasitic 3. Acanthomoeba- enters body through wound and crosses blood-brain barrier
37
Name one fact about Amoebozoa- plasmodial slime molds
1. Exists as plasmodium 2. Engulf and digest bacteria, yeasts, and other small particles
38
Name one fact about Opsthokonta- choanoflagellates
1. Unicellular 2. Thought to be closest living relative to animals 3. 125 extant species of chanoflagellates