Protists Flashcards
What is endosymbiotic theory?
Some organelles evolved via endosymbiosis between an ancestral eukaryote and a bacterial cell.
What is endosymbiosis?
Organism living within another organism and providing some type of benefit.
What is primary endosymbiosis?
The process in which a cell engulfs another cell.
What is secondary endosymbiosis?
Is the process by which a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.
What can cells form in unfavorable environments?
Cysts
What is a cyst?
Dormant cells with a resistant outer covering.
What are cilia?
Numerous short hairlike structures.
What are pseudopods?
Temporary projection of the cell membrane. Fills up with cytoplasm and the cell is drawn forward.
What are flagella?
Slender threadlike structures with a rotation-like movement.
What are autotrophs?
Forms nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances.
Autotrophs can come in what 2 forms.
- Synthetic
- Chemoautotrophic
What are heterotrophs?
Get nutrition from complex organic substances.
What are phagotrophs?
Ingest particulate food matter (from phagocytosis)
What are mixotrophs?
Both photo and heterotrophic.
What are the 6 eukaryotic supergroups?
- Archaeplastidia
- Excavata
- Opsinthokonta
- Rhizaria
- Chromoalveolata
- Amoebozoa
Excavata are divided into what 3 groups?
- Diplomonads
- Parabasalids
- Euglenozoans
Diplomonads and parabasalids have what 3 things in common?
- Two nuclei
- Multiple flagella
- Modified mitochondria
What are the 2 characteristics of Euglenozoans?
- Unique flagella
- Have several chloroplasts
What two groups make up chromoalveolata?
Alveolates and stremenopiles
What is a characteristic of alveolata?
Have alveoli
What are some characteristics of stramenopila?
Have two flagella with fine hairs and chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis.
What is the apical complex?
Structure that allows apicomplexan to enter a cell.
Phytophthora infestans we’re the cause of what?
The Irish potato famine.
What are tests?
Pored shells through which thin podia extend.