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Bio 1102 > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

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1
Q

What is endosymbiotic theory?

A

Some organelles evolved via endosymbiosis between an ancestral eukaryote and a bacterial cell.

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2
Q

What is endosymbiosis?

A

Organism living within another organism and providing some type of benefit.

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3
Q

What is primary endosymbiosis?

A

The process in which a cell engulfs another cell.

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4
Q

What is secondary endosymbiosis?

A

Is the process by which a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

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5
Q

What can cells form in unfavorable environments?

A

Cysts

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6
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Dormant cells with a resistant outer covering.

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7
Q

What are cilia?

A

Numerous short hairlike structures.

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8
Q

What are pseudopods?

A

Temporary projection of the cell membrane. Fills up with cytoplasm and the cell is drawn forward.

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9
Q

What are flagella?

A

Slender threadlike structures with a rotation-like movement.

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10
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Forms nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances.

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11
Q

Autotrophs can come in what 2 forms.

A
  1. Synthetic
  2. Chemoautotrophic
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12
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Get nutrition from complex organic substances.

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13
Q

What are phagotrophs?

A

Ingest particulate food matter (from phagocytosis)

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14
Q

What are mixotrophs?

A

Both photo and heterotrophic.

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15
Q

What are the 6 eukaryotic supergroups?

A
  1. Archaeplastidia
  2. Excavata
  3. Opsinthokonta
  4. Rhizaria
  5. Chromoalveolata
  6. Amoebozoa
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16
Q

Excavata are divided into what 3 groups?

A
  1. Diplomonads
  2. Parabasalids
  3. Euglenozoans
17
Q

Diplomonads and parabasalids have what 3 things in common?

A
  1. Two nuclei
  2. Multiple flagella
  3. Modified mitochondria
18
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Euglenozoans?

A
  1. Unique flagella
  2. Have several chloroplasts
19
Q

What two groups make up chromoalveolata?

A

Alveolates and stremenopiles

20
Q

What is a characteristic of alveolata?

A

Have alveoli

21
Q

What are some characteristics of stramenopila?

A

Have two flagella with fine hairs and chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis.

22
Q

What is the apical complex?

A

Structure that allows apicomplexan to enter a cell.

23
Q

Phytophthora infestans we’re the cause of what?

A

The Irish potato famine.

24
Q

What are tests?

A

Pored shells through which thin podia extend.

25
Q

What is plasmodium?

A

A non walled multi-nuclear mass of cytoplasm.

26
Q

What are the man characteristic of eukaryotes?

A
  1. Membrane bound organelles and nucleus
  2. Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis
27
Q

How do protists move?

A
  1. Cilia
  2. Flagella
  3. Pseudopods
28
Q

Name one fact about Excavata-Diplomona?

A
  1. Causes giardiasis
  2. Commonly called beaver fever
  3. Acquired through contaminated water, soil, or food.
29
Q

Name one fact about Excavata parabasilid

A
  1. Causes trichomoniasis
  2. Parasite of the human reproductive tract
  3. most common STD
30
Q

Name one fact about Excavata-Euglenozoans

A
  1. Bodies change shape when swimming- elongate to round
  2. Tripansoma species cause disease.
  3. African sleeping sickness
  4. Chagas disease
31
Q

Name one fact about chromoalveolata-alveolates

A
  1. Dinoflagellates
  2. Make up large portion of plankton
  3. Cause of red tides
  4. Toxoplasma gondii- transmitted from cats
32
Q

Name one fact about chromalveolata-stremenopiles

A
  1. Oomycetes
  2. Cause of Irish potato famine
  3. Brown algae-largest algal groups
  4. Diatoms
33
Q

Name one fact about Rhizaria- forminiferans

A
  1. Heterotrophic marine protists
  2. Limestone rich in forams
  3. Pored shells called tests
34
Q

Name one fact about Archeaplastidia- red algae

A
  1. Occur in deep ocean
  2. Microscopic to very large
  3. Generally red in color
35
Q

Name one fact about Archaeplastidia- green algae

A
  1. Mainly freshwater some marine
  2. Considered plants and gave rise to land plants
  3. Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular
36
Q

Name one fact about Amoebozoa- amoeba

A
  1. Found in soil and freshwater
  2. Some parasitic
  3. Acanthomoeba- enters body through wound and crosses blood-brain barrier
37
Q

Name one fact about Amoebozoa- plasmodial slime molds

A
  1. Exists as plasmodium
  2. Engulf and digest bacteria, yeasts, and other small particles
38
Q

Name one fact about Opsthokonta- choanoflagellates

A
  1. Unicellular
  2. Thought to be closest living relative to animals
  3. 125 extant species of chanoflagellates

Bio 1102 (20 decks)

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