Fungi Flashcards
Cell walls in fungi are made of what?
Chitin.
What are hyphae?
Lomg slender filaments that make up multicellular fungi.
What is mycelium?
A mass of hyphae.
What is a dikaryon?
(1n+1n)
What is plasmogamy?
Fusion of cytoplasm.
What is karyogamy?
Fusion of nuclei.
What are basidia?
club-shaped reproductive structures.
What are ascus?
Saclike reproductive structures.
What are the 6 groups that make up the fungi kingdom?
- Blastocladiomycota
- Zygomycota
- Neocallimastigomycota
- Chytridiomycota
- Glomeromycota
- Basidiomycota- club fungi
- Ascomycota- sac fungi
Name one fact about Blastocladiomycota.
- Alternation of generations
- Capable of growing on pollen, keratin, cellulose, and chitin
- Members of catenaria are parasites of nematodes & crustaceans
4.Members of physoderma are plant parasites
Name one fact about Zygomycota.
- Mostly terrestrial
- Some are parasitic while others are symbiotic
- Exhibit a special cell wall
- Synthesize chitosan instead of chitin
- Produce trisporic acid (important in the initiation of sexual reproduction)
Name one fact about Neocallimastigomycota.
- Anaerobic fungi
- Lack mitochondria
- Can degrade cellulose
- Found in the guts of herbivores
Name one fact about Chytridiomycota
- One of the earliest living fungal lineages
- Chitin cell walls, flagellum, use glycogen as energy storage
- Aquatic fungi
Name one fact about Glomeromycota.
- Majority are found in terrestrial environments but others can be found in wetlands.
Name one fact about Basidiomycota- club fungi
- mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, and shelf fungi
- Named for basidia, club-shaped reproductive structures
- Agaricomycotina- Devil’s fingers. jelly fungi, toadstools, sulfur shelf, clavarioid fungi, corticoid fungi
- Pucciniomycontina- rust-like fungi
- Ustilginomycotina- Many parasitize wheat, barley, and corn
Name one fact about Ascomycota- sac fungi
- Yeasts, molds cup fungi, truffles, morels
- Named for ascus, saclike reproductive structure
- Cause of chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease
- penicillin producing fungi from genus penicillium
Name one fact about magic mushrooms
- Psiolocybin -> Psilocin
- Psilocybe, panaeolus, inocybe, pluteus, gymnopilus, pholiotina
- Used in religious, divinatory, or spiritual contexts
- Can cause auditory and visual hallucinations, altered perception of time and space
- Can cause hilarity, lack of concentration, heightened anxiety, cannot discern reality from fantasy, panic psychosis.
Where do fungi fit-in, in the biosphere?
They are the primary decomposers.
In what 3 ways can fungi be symbiotic with other organisms?
- Parasitic
- Commensal
- Mutualistic
What are mutualistic fungi?
- Lichen
- Fungi get nutrients from a photosynthetic partner
- Photosynthetic partner gets protection from ecological conditions it couldn’t handle without the fungus
Lichens come in what 3 growth forms?
- Fruticose
- Foliose
- Crustose
What is commensal fungus?
- Colonizes genital and gastrointestinal mucosa of mice, humans and other mammals.
- Can become pathogenic or imunosuppressed.
What is parasitic fungus?
Invades and replaces host tissue with itself.
What are 4 types of fungal infections?
- Ringworm
- Athlete’s foot
- Toe fungus
- Chytridiomycosis
