Fungi Flashcards
Cell walls in fungi are made of what?
Chitin.
What are hyphae?
Lomg slender filaments that make up multicellular fungi.
What is mycelium?
A mass of hyphae.
What is a dikaryon?
(1n+1n)
What is plasmogamy?
Fusion of cytoplasm.
What is karyogamy?
Fusion of nuclei.
What are basidia?
club-shaped reproductive structures.
What are ascus?
Saclike reproductive structures.
What are the 6 groups that make up the fungi kingdom?
- Blastocladiomycota
- Zygomycota
- Neocallimastigomycota
- Chytridiomycota
- Glomeromycota
- Basidiomycota- club fungi
- Ascomycota- sac fungi
Name one fact about Blastocladiomycota.
- Alternation of generations
- Capable of growing on pollen, keratin, cellulose, and chitin
- Members of catenaria are parasites of nematodes & crustaceans
4.Members of physoderma are plant parasites
Name one fact about Zygomycota.
- Mostly terrestrial
- Some are parasitic while others are symbiotic
- Exhibit a special cell wall
- Synthesize chitosan instead of chitin
- Produce trisporic acid (important in the initiation of sexual reproduction)
Name one fact about Neocallimastigomycota.
- Anaerobic fungi
- Lack mitochondria
- Can degrade cellulose
- Found in the guts of herbivores
Name one fact about Chytridiomycota
- One of the earliest living fungal lineages
- Chitin cell walls, flagellum, use glycogen as energy storage
- Aquatic fungi
Name one fact about Glomeromycota.
- Majority are found in terrestrial environments but others can be found in wetlands.
Name one fact about Basidiomycota- club fungi
- mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, and shelf fungi
- Named for basidia, club-shaped reproductive structures
- Agaricomycotina- Devil’s fingers. jelly fungi, toadstools, sulfur shelf, clavarioid fungi, corticoid fungi
- Pucciniomycontina- rust-like fungi
- Ustilginomycotina- Many parasitize wheat, barley, and corn
Name one fact about Ascomycota- sac fungi
- Yeasts, molds cup fungi, truffles, morels
- Named for ascus, saclike reproductive structure
- Cause of chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease
- penicillin producing fungi from genus penicillium
Name one fact about magic mushrooms
- Psiolocybin -> Psilocin
- Psilocybe, panaeolus, inocybe, pluteus, gymnopilus, pholiotina
- Used in religious, divinatory, or spiritual contexts
- Can cause auditory and visual hallucinations, altered perception of time and space
- Can cause hilarity, lack of concentration, heightened anxiety, cannot discern reality from fantasy, panic psychosis.
Where do fungi fit-in, in the biosphere?
They are the primary decomposers.
In what 3 ways can fungi be symbiotic with other organisms?
- Parasitic
- Commensal
- Mutualistic
What are mutualistic fungi?
- Lichen
- Fungi get nutrients from a photosynthetic partner
- Photosynthetic partner gets protection from ecological conditions it couldn’t handle without the fungus
Lichens come in what 3 growth forms?
- Fruticose
- Foliose
- Crustose
What is commensal fungus?
- Colonizes genital and gastrointestinal mucosa of mice, humans and other mammals.
- Can become pathogenic or imunosuppressed.
What is parasitic fungus?
Invades and replaces host tissue with itself.
What are 4 types of fungal infections?
- Ringworm
- Athlete’s foot
- Toe fungus
- Chytridiomycosis
Hyphal body forms allow for what?
Larger surface to volume ratio.
Fungi have what type of life cycle?
A haplodiplontic life cycle.
How does sexual reproduction occur?
When two hyphae of compatible mating types come into contact with each other.
Fusion of haploid hyphae may result in what?
Dikaryon
What is the most common mean of production?
Spores
