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Molecules and Cells Unit 1A > Proteins II > Flashcards

Proteins II Flashcards

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1
Q

______ allows folding of long polypeptide chains onto themselves. What fraction of globular protein’s residues does this structure make up?

A
  • Reverse turns

- 1/3

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2
Q

Fibroin in silk has two stacked sheets of interdigitating ___ residues as well as ____/____ residues

A
  • Glycine

- Serine/Alanine

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3
Q

In an alpha-helix:
n= ____ (residues/turn)
p= ____ (anxtrums)

A
  • 3.6

- 5.4

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4
Q

What is the number of rises/residue in an alpha helix?

A

1.5 Anxtrums

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5
Q

What are the components of a heme group? (2)

A
  • protoporphyrin IX ring

- Iron (Fe2+)

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6
Q

Name the 3 globin folded proteins

A
  • hemoglobin
  • myoglobin
  • lysozyme
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7
Q

Retinol must be transported via _____ from the liver to peripheral tissues because it is hydrophobic. What structure does this transporter have?

A
  • RBP (Retinol binding protein)

- Beta-Barrel

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8
Q

Disease may occur from ______ replacement of amino acids in a sequence.

A

Nonconservative

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9
Q

Which protein structure forms when all of the Phi and Psi dihedral angles of a polypeptide adopt the same set of values?

A

Secondary

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10
Q

Compared to alpha helices, ______ are not stable by themselves, but only when incorporated into sheets. What is their length compared to an alpha helix?

A
  • Beta strands

- longer (more extended)

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11
Q

Name 3 ways Beta-strands can align:

A

1) Parallel
2) Anti-parallel
3) Mixed

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12
Q

In Beta sheets, how do the side chains project -Above and below the plane of the sheet in order to _________. This allows the sheets to stack.

A

-minimize steric clash

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13
Q

Reverse turn types I and II differ in the orientation of the ______ linking residues ___ & ___.

A
  • peptide unit

- 2 & 3

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14
Q

______ are located on the surface of proteins and participate in reactions with other molecules. They don’t have regular repeating structure but are well defined structurally.

A

Loops

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15
Q

Tertiary structure is the folding of secondary elements into a specific, unique 3D structure. Tertiary structure schemes include ______, _______, and _______.

A
  • alpha
  • beta
  • alpha/beta
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16
Q

_____ and _____ can be used to determine the structure of tertiary proteins.

A
  • X-ray crystallography

- NMR-spec

17
Q

_____ and ____ comprise super-secondary structures and are small, non-repeating structural units found in proteins.

A
  • folds

- motifs

18
Q

What allows a domain to act as a single entity?

A

It is a structurally independent folding unit

19
Q

What cofactor is required for Zinc Motif formation?

A

Zn2+

20
Q

Name the 4 glycolytic enzymes that are alpha/beta folds.

A

TAPE

1) Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TIM)
2) Aldolase
3) Pyruvate Kinase
4) Enolase

21
Q

_________ are elaborate closed structures of alternating alpha helices and beta strands

A

TIM Barrels

22
Q

Quaternary proteins are normally ONLY stabilized by ______ (but _____ may be present)

A
  • noncovalent forces

- disulfide linkages

23
Q

In beta-strands, the number of residues/unit (n) is ____ while the pitch (in anxtrums) is _____.

A
  • 2

- 6.8

24
Q

In what direction do side chains radiate from the axis? What does this arrangement minimize?

A
  • outward

- steric hindrance

25
Q

Secondary Protein structure can be folded into 4 forms. What are these forms?

A

1) Reverse turns
2) Loops
3) Pleated-sheets
4) Helices

26
Q

What is the most common Reverse Turn?

A

-Beta turn

27
Q

What are the 4 residues required for a functional beta turn require and what kind of bond forms?

A
  • i, i+1, i+2, & i+3

- Hydrogen bonding between the i and i+3

28
Q

What amino acids are common in beta turns but tend to disrupt alpha helices?

A

Glycine and Proline

29
Q

The Zinc-Finger motif is about 30 residues long and uses which possible side chains ?

A
  • 2 Cysteins + 2 Histidines

- 4 Cysteins

30
Q

The Zinc-Finger motif binds into a major groove of a ______ via hydrogen bonding, salt bridges, and ______ interactions.

A
  • DNA-Double helix

- Hydrophobic

31
Q

What motif is common in transcription factors (involved in binding DNA and directing transcription).

A

Helix-loop-helix motif

32
Q

Which portion of the helix-loop-helix motif is involved in dimerization?

A

the 2nd helix

33
Q

Ig folds consist of 7 to 9 ______ arranged into a greek key topology.

A

anti-parallel beta strands

34
Q

Cadherins mediate Ca2+ dependent cell adhesion during cell ______ and ______.

A
  • migration

- polarization

35
Q

What type of hetero-tetramer is Hemoglobin?

A

alpha-2, beta-2

36
Q

Which glycolytic enzyme is a tetramer of four identical subunits. What sites do these tetramers consist of?

A
  • Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

- 4 catalytic and 4 regulatory

Molecules and Cells Unit 1A (11 decks)

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