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Science > Proteins, Enzymes, Water > Flashcards

Proteins, Enzymes, Water Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the 6 properties of water?

A

1) Liquid at room temperature until 100 C
2) Universal solvent
3) Cohesion
4) Temperature rises and falls slowly
5) High heat if vaporization
6) Frozen water is less dense and floats

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1
Q

What are the 6 most commonly used elements?

A 
CHNOPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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2
Q

Importance of water cohesion?

A

Causes water molecules to cling together yet flow freely

Water is an excellent transport medium, the blood that fills our arteries and veins are mostly water

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3
Q

Importance of temperature of liquid rising and falling slowly?

A

Water protects us and other organisms from rapid temperature changes and helps us maintain homeostasis. It allows great bodies of water to maintain relatively constant temperature

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4
Q

Importance of water having a high heat of evaporation?

A

Keeps our body from overheating, because we sweat and the body cools as body heat is used to evaporate sweat

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5
Q

What is hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic is when molecules dissolve in water

Hydrophobic is molecules that are not dissolved by water and stay away from water

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6
Q

pH scale?

A

Acids are lower numbers, bases are higher, and neutrals are 7

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7
Q

How do buffers resist pH changes?

A

They take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions

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8
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

A molecule that contains many molecules joined together

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9
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A simple organic molecule that exists individually

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10
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Multiple monomers linked together

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11
Q

What is a dehydration reaction?

A

A chemical reaction where water is taken away so that one of the products is water or ammonia

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12
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

In which a water atom is added which separates two polymers

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13
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Quick and short-term energy storage

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14
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A simple sugar

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15
Q

What is glucose?

A

Blood sugar-an immediate source of energy

C6H12O6

16
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two monosaccharides that have joined during a dehydration reaction

17
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Long polymers that contain many glucose subunits

18
Q

What are lipids?

A

Energy storage in organisms

Used in cell membranes, steroids, and sex hormones

19
Q

What are the uses of fat?

A

Long term energy storage
Insulates
Forms a protective cushion around the organs

20
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

A molecule with a three-part structure

21
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

The hydrocarbon chain that has no double covalent bonds between carbon atoms, so it has all the hydrogen it can hold

22
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

A hydrocarbon chain that has double bonds between carbon atoms which messes up the chain

23
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Molecules that speed up chemical reactions, so are necessary contributors to the chemical workings of organisms

24
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A single chain of amino acids

25
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

A bond that joins two amino acids

26
Q

What is the primary structure?

A

The linear sequence of the amino acids

27
Q

What is the secondary structure?

A

When the polypeptide takes on a certain orientation in space

28
Q

What is the tertiary structure?

A

Three-dimensional shape

29
Q

What are the four things that affect the enzymatic speed?

A

Substrate concentration
Temperature
pH
Enzyme concentration

30
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A broad term for anything that can change the rate of reaction

31
Q

What are substrates and active sites?

A

Substrate- molecule that the enzyme works on

Active site- part of the enzyme that the substrate molecules fit into

32
Q

What are carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA) built from?

A

Carbs: sugar
Pro: amino acids
Nuc acid: nucleotides

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