Chem Unit 5

Question 1

Ions

Answer 1

Atoms that lose or gain electrons

Question 2

The Ocet Rule

Answer 2

Atoms will gain or lose atoms in order to completely fill up the outermost shell with 8 electrons

Question 3

Ionic bond basic

Answer 3

At least one metal and one nonmetal, electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal

Question 4

Covalent bond basic

Answer 4

Only non metals, electrons are shared between no metals

Question 5

Metallic bond basic

Answer 5

Only metals, electrons are delocalized

Question 6

Type of structure of bonds

Answer 6

Ionic- crystal lattice
Covalent- true molecules
Metallic- “electron sea” or crystal structure

Question 7

Phase at room temp and melting point

Answer 7

Ionic- solid at room temp, high melting point
Covalent- liquid or gas at room temp, low melting point
Metallic- solid at room temp, very high melting point

Question 8

Solubility and electrical conductive kitty

Answer 8

Ionic- soluble, conducts electricity but only when dissolved in water or in liquid form
Covalent- usually not double, not a conductor
Metallic- not soluble, conducts electricity

Question 9

Covalent bond

Answer 9

An electrostatic attraction of electrons to two different nuclei that holds the nuclei together

Question 10

Purpose of bonds between atoms

Answer 10

To increase stability of the neutral atom

To decrease potential energy (the bond energy)

Question 11

Naming monatomic ion

Answer 11

for a cation leave the name as is
For anions drop the end and add -
ide

(Oxide)

Question 12

Naming binary ionic compounds

Answer 12

Metal/Cation goes first, nonmetal/anion goes last
When determining formula from compound name, add enough molecules so positive charge equals negative charge
NaCl)

Question 13

Naming transition metals

Answer 13

Charge of ion must be indicated in name of compound

Question 14

Polyatomic ions

Answer 14

Ions made up of covalent my bonded atoms that have an overall charge, with special names

Question 15

Ammonium

Answer 15

NH4+1

Question 16

Hydroxide

Answer 16

OH-1

Question 17

Carbonate

Answer 17

CO3-2

Question 18

Chlorate

Answer 18

ClO3-1

Question 19

Chlorite

Answer 19

ClO2-1

Question 20

Cyanide

Answer 20

CN-1

Question 21

Nitrate

Answer 21

NO3-1

Question 22

Nitrite

Answer 22

NO2-1

Question 23

Phosphate

Answer 23

PO4-3

Question 24

Phosphite

Answer 24

PO3-3

Question 25

Sulfate

Answer 25

SO4-2

Question 26

Sulfite

Answer 26

SO3-2

Question 27

Naming covalent compounds

Answer 27

Prefixes identify number of each element in the name

Question 28

Prefixes

Answer 28

``` 1-mono 2-di 3-tri 4-tetra 5-penta 6-hexa 7-hepta 8-octa 9-nona 10-deca ```

Question 29

Saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 29

Saturated is the there is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms connected to the available carbons, and unsaturated means there's at least one double or triple bond

Question 30

Alkanes

Answer 30

A hydrocarbon where there are only single covalent bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 31

Alkenes

Answer 31

At least one double bond in the carbon-carbon bond

Question 32

Alkynes

Answer 32

At least one or more triple covalent bond

Question 33

Structures vs condensed formula

Answer 33

Structured shows position of every single atom, while condensed shows the bonds in groupings (CH3-CH2-CH3)

Question 34

Line Angle Formula

Answer 34

Carbons and hydrogen atoms are removed. Bonds between carbons shown as a "zigzag" line, but all other atoms are shown

Question 35

Prefixes for naming Alkanes

Answer 35

``` 1-meth 2-eth 3-prop 4-but 5-pent 6-hex 7-hept 8-oct 9-non 10-dec ```

Question 36

Structural isomers

Answer 36

Molecules that have the same molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms (different structural formulas)

Question 37

Geometric isomers

Answer 37

Have atoms joined in the same order, but differ in the orientation of groups around a double bond

Question 38

Cis configuration

Answer 38

The substituent groups are on the same side of the double bond

Question 39

Trans configuration

Answer 39

The substituent groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

Question 40

Lewis dot diagram

Answer 40

Write element symbol, then draw in number of valence electrons around it