Proteins & Enzymes Flashcards
Protein
Large molecules made up of many amino acids. Many roles within organisms, e.g. muscle, hormones and enzymes.
Amino acids
The building blocks of proteins. When proteins are digested, amino acids are absorbed into the blood.
Enzyme
Biological catalyst made of protein. They catalyse chemical reactions in living organisms.
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up itself.
Substrate
Substance acted upon by an enzyme in a chemical reaction.
Optimum
Best, e.g. the optimum temperature for an enzyme is the temperature at which the enzyme performs best.
Denatured
When the shape of an enzyme has altered and it can no longer carry out its function. Often caused by temperature or pH.
Chemical digestion
The break down of food within the body due to the action of enzymes on large food molecules.
Amylase
An enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugar molecules.
Protease
An enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of proteins to amino acids.
Lipase
Enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of fats (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol.
Biological detergent
Detergent that contains enzymes.
Fermenters
Large container used for growing large numbers of microorganisms.
Carbohydrase
E.g. amylase - Enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of large carbohydrate molecules e.g. starch into smaller sugar molecules.
Isomerase
Type of enzyme that rearranges the atoms of a molecule; e.g. when converting glucose into fructose.
