Inheritance Flashcards
F1 generation
First generation of offspring from a genetic cross between two true-breeding parents.
Dominant
Visible characteristic found in an organism even when only one allele of the gene is present.
Recessive
A visible characteristic that is only present if two copies of the same allele are inherited.
Inheritance factor
A term used by Mendel. We now call this a ‘gene’.
Gregor Mendel
Discovered that inheritance was due to inheritance factors and not caused b a blending mechanism.
Monohybrid inheritance
Inheritance pattern of a single characteristic, determined by ONE gene (that may have two alleles).
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. Chemical that carries the genetic code.
Gene
Section of DNA that codes for a characteristic or protein.
Punnett square
A grid used to represent the genetic cross of gametes during sexual reproduction.
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes that decide on the sex of an individual. In humans: XX = female; XY = male
DNA bases
Molecules arranged in pairs within each molecule of DNA. A pairs with T; C pairs with G.
Triplet code
Set of three DNA bases that code for a specific amino acid.
Digit
Finger or a toe.
Cystic fibrosis
A genetically inherited disorder that affects cell membranes. Excess mucus in the airwaves is a common symptom.
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell that can divide by mitosis. It is able to differentiate into some or sometimes all of the body’s cell types.
DNA fingerprinting
Technique that analyses part of the DNA of an individual and compares it with DNA from other individuals. Used to solve crimes, and check if people are related.
