Inheritance

Question 1

F1 generation

Answer 1

First generation of offspring from a genetic cross between two true-breeding parents.

Question 2

Dominant

Answer 2

Visible characteristic found in an organism even when only one allele of the gene is present.

Question 3

Recessive

Answer 3

A visible characteristic that is only present if two copies of the same allele are inherited.

Question 4

Inheritance factor

Answer 4

A term used by Mendel. We now call this a ‘gene’.

Question 5

Gregor Mendel

Answer 5

Discovered that inheritance was due to inheritance factors and not caused b a blending mechanism.

Question 6

Monohybrid inheritance

Answer 6

Inheritance pattern of a single characteristic, determined by ONE gene (that may have two alleles).

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Chemical that carries the genetic code.

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Section of DNA that codes for a characteristic or protein.

Question 9

Punnett square

Answer 9

A grid used to represent the genetic cross of gametes during sexual reproduction.

Question 10

Sex chromosomes

Answer 10

Chromosomes that decide on the sex of an individual. In humans: XX = female; XY = male

Question 11

DNA bases

Answer 11

Molecules arranged in pairs within each molecule of DNA. A pairs with T; C pairs with G.

Question 12

Triplet code

Answer 12

Set of three DNA bases that code for a specific amino acid.

Question 13

Digit

Answer 13

Finger or a toe.

Question 14

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 14

A genetically inherited disorder that affects cell membranes. Excess mucus in the airwaves is a common symptom.

Question 15

Stem cell

Answer 15

An undifferentiated cell that can divide by mitosis. It is able to differentiate into some or sometimes all of the body’s cell types.

Question 16

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 16

Technique that analyses part of the DNA of an individual and compares it with DNA from other individuals. Used to solve crimes, and check if people are related.