Proteins and enzymes Flashcards
What is an enzyme
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst
what is the role of active sites and enzymes
Every enzyme has an active site with a unique shape that fits onto the substance involved in a reaction.
For the enzyme to work the substrate has to bond with the active site.
If the substrate does not match the active site, then the reaction wont be catalysed
What are the optimum conditions for enzymes
Temperature (37 degrees in the human body)
pH- (For many enzymes the optimum pH is neutral pH7)
What is the rate of reaction equation
Rate of reaction = 1000 / time
What are carbohydrases
They convert carbohydrates into simple sugars.
What is an example of carbohydrase
Amylase
Where is amylase made
In the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
What are proteases
Digestive enzymes that catalyse the conversion of proteins to amino acids
Where are proteases made
In the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
What are lipases
Lipase enzymes are digestive enzymes that catalyse the conversion of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Where are lipases made
In the pancreas and small intestine
What is Bile
A fluid made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine.
It aids digestion by creating alkaline conditions in the small intestine and by emulsifying fats.
What does it mean when bile emulsifies fats
Breaking down the fat into tiny droplets to give a much bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on.
