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Biology > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The regulation of the conditions inside your body to maintain a stable internal environment, in response to changes in both internal and external conditions.

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2
Q

What is negative feedback

A

The mechanism that restores the optimum level.

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3
Q

What is a stimulus

A

A change in the environment that you might need to respond to.

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of a stimulus

A
  • Light
  • Sound
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
  • Change in position or temperature
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5
Q

What is an coordination center

A

It receives and processes information about an stimulus and organises a response

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6
Q

What is a nervous system

A

Your nervous system is what allows you to react to your surroundings. It also allows you to coordinate your behavior.

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7
Q

What are receptors

A

Cells that detect stimuli

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8
Q

What is the central nervous system

A

Where all the information from the receptors is sent, and where reflexes and actions are coordinated.

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9
Q

What do neurons do

A

They transmit information as electrical impulses to and from the Central nervous system

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10
Q

What are effectors

A

Muscles and glands which respond to nervous impulses and bring about a response to the stimulus

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11
Q

How do muscles respond to nervous impulses

A

They contract

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12
Q

How do glands respond to nervous impulses

A

They secrete chemical substances called hormones

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13
Q

What are sensory neurones

A

The neurones that carry information as electrical impulses from the receptors in the sense organs to the central nervous system

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14
Q

What are relay neurones

A

The neurones that carry electrical impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones. They are found in the central nervous system.

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15
Q

What are motor neurones

A

The neurones that carry electrical impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors

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16
Q

What is a synapse

A

The connection between two neurones

17
Q

How are nerve signals transferred across the synapse

A

The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap.

18
Q

What is a reflex

A

a fast, automatic response to a stimulus

19
Q

What is reaction time

A

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus

20
Q

How can reaction time be affected

A

Age
Gender
Drugs

21
Q

where is the cerebral cortex located

A

The outer wrinkly layer of the brain

22
Q

What is the cerebral cortex responsible for

A

Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

23
Q

where is the medulla located

A

At the base of the brain, at the top of the spinal chord

24
Q

What is the medulla responsible for

A

It controls unconscious activity (Things you don’t have to think about doing) Like breathing and heartbeat

25
Q

Where is the cerebellum located

A

At the back of the brain

26
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for

A

Muscle coordination

27
Q

What is the sclera

A

The tough, supporting wall of the eye

28
Q

What is the cornea

A

The transparent outer layer at the front of the eye. It refracts light into the eye.

29
Q

What is the pupil

A

the hole in the center of the eye, where light enters

30
Q

What is the iris

A

contains muscles that allow it to control the diameter of the pupil and therefore how much light enters the eye

31
Q

What is the Retina

A

the layer at the back of the eye that contains two types of light receptor cells

32
Q

What is the lens

A

focuses light on the retina

33
Q

What do ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments do

A

control the shape of the lens

34
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to the brain

35
Q

What does the eye do to focus on near objects

A
  1. The ciliary muscles contract, which slackens the suspensory ligaments.
  2. The lens becomes more curved
  3. This increases the amount by which it refracts light
36
Q

What does the eye do to focus on distant objects

A
  1. The ciliary muscles relax, which allows the sensory muscles to contract.
  2. This makes the lens go thin
  3. So it refracts light by a smaller amount

Biology (12 decks)

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