Cells and microscopy Flashcards
Organisms can be…
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
What are Eukaryotic cells?
They are complex and include all animal and plant cells
What are Prokaryotic cells?
Smaller and simpler cells like bacteria
What are eukaryotes?
organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
What are prokaryotes
organisms made out of a prokaryotic cell (single cell organism)
Function of a nucleus
contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
Function of cytoplasm
gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
Function of cell membrane
holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Function of mitochondria
these are where most of the reaction for aerobic respiration take place.
Function of ribosomes
where proteins are made in the cell
Function of the cellulose cell wall (plant cell)
supports and strengthens the cell
Function of the LARGE PERMINANT VACUOLE
contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
Function of Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant.
Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis.
What are bacterial cells?
Prokaryotes
No nucleus- instead they have a singular circular strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm.
Contain small rings of DNA called plasmids
Don’t have chloroplasts or mitochondria.
Magnification calculation
Magnification= Image size/real size
Define magnification
Magnification is how much bigger the image is than the real object that you are looking at.
Image size calculation
Image size= magnification x real size
Real size calculation
real size= image size/magnification
What is a specialised cell
A cell that performs a specific function
What is cell differentiation
a process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
Function of sperm cells
Used in reproduction to get male DNA to the female DNA
Sperm Cell adaptations
- Long tail and a streamlined head to help swim to the egg.
- Lots of mitochondria to provide the cell energy.
Function of human nerve cells
to carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.
Human nerve cell adaptations
The cells are long and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body.
Animal Muscle cell function
To contract quickly
Animal muscle cell adaptations
-Long cells (so they have space to contract.
-Contain lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for contraction.
Root hair cells function
To absorb water and minerals
Root hair cell adaptations
Grow long hairs which give the plant a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.
