Proteins and Enzymes

Question 1

What are proteins made from?

Answer 1

They are made up of smaller subunits called Amino Acids. (20 different kinds)

Question 2

What are proteins structure?

Answer 2

Each protein is made up of one or more PEPTIDE CHAINS of amino acids. Each peptide chain is made of hundreds of amino acids

Question 3

What are the functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 3

Structural
Hormones
Antibodies
Receptors
Enzymes

Question 4

What are structural proteins? And an example?

Answer 4

Sometimes links between the amino acids cause the chains to line up in strands. These are called structural proteins (fibrous). They form rope like structures.
eg. Collagen - skin and hair.

Question 5

What are globular proteins?

Answer 5

Links between the amino acids, forming a rough sphere shape.

Question 6

What are hormones? And an example?

Answer 6

They are chemical messengers, made of proteins and are transported in the bloodstream. They regulate processes like growth and metabolism.
eg. Insulin and testosterone.

Question 7

What are Antibodies? And the structure?

Answer 7

They are protein molecules made by the white blood cells to defend the body against micro-organisms that cause disease.
STRUCTURE - Y-shaped proteins.

Question 8

What are enzymes?

Answer 8

An Enzyme is a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that brings about a reaction at a faster rate, or at a lower temperature than it would normally occur. The enzyme remains unchanged by the reaction.

ALL ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS!!!

Question 9

__________
————->

_____________ _____________

Answer 9

Enzyme
————->

Subsrate(s) Product(s)

Question 10

Substrate(s) and Product(s) in detail.

Answer 10

Substrate(s) - The molecule(s) acted upon by the enzyme.

Product(s) - The molecule(s) produced by the action of the enzyme.

Question 11

What is Specificity?

Answer 11

They will only act on one substrate. An enzyme will only work on one type of molecule, as they have a particular shape which fits into one substrate.

Question 12

What is The Active Site?

Answer 12

It is where the substrate attaches.

Question 13

What is the ‘Optimum’ conditions?

Answer 13

The value at which the enzyme is MOST ACTIVE.

Question 14

Examples of optimum pH for different enzymes.

Answer 14

Pepsin - 2.5 pH (Acidic)
Most enzymes - 7 pH (Neutral)
Alkaline phosphate - 10 pH (Alkaline)

Question 15

Optimum Temperature for enzymes is…?

Answer 15

37 Degrees, which makes it the most active.

Question 16

What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 16

At high temperatures, an enzyme changes, which means the substrate no longer fits the active site. When it is cooled the change is permanent. Therefore is it denatured.