DNA and the Production of Proteins Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What does DNA carry?
Our genetic information.
What does DNA consist of ?
Many genes.
What is a gene?
A gene is a single part of DNA that carries the information fore a single characteristic.
How many genes is Human DNA made of?
30000 different genes.
What do genes make up?
Our genome.
Where DNA found?
In chromosomes.
When are chromosomes visible?
During mitosis because DNA is coiled up into tight bundles.
DNA structure.
A DNA molecule consists of 2 strands. Called a Double Helix.
What is the DNA molecule made of?
Very small units called nucleotides!
Phosphates
Deoxyribose Sugars
Bases
How are the strands joined?
By bases.
What are the bases called?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
How are these bases connected?
A-T (Adenine - Thymine)
C-G (Cytosine - Guanine)
What is the genetic codes?
A molecular language made up of just 3 letters. There are 64 different codes. (ATT, AAT, TCC, GTA;) )
What do the genetic codes represents?
They represents different Amino Acids. These are the physical building blocks of proteins. The amino acids are joined to make the DNA code - into a protein.
What do the genes carry?
The instruction on how to make proteins
What is Messenger RNA?
When the gene does not make proteins directly. First an intermediary molecule is produced called mRNA.
The base sequence of the DNA is used to make…?
Complimentary strands of DNA, called Uracil, because in mRNA there is no Thymine.
What does the Messenger RNA do?
Carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus, out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
