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Biology Unit 1 > DNA and the Production of Proteins > Flashcards

DNA and the Production of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

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2
Q

What does DNA carry?

A

Our genetic information.

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3
Q

What does DNA consist of ?

A

Many genes.

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4
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a single part of DNA that carries the information fore a single characteristic.

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5
Q

How many genes is Human DNA made of?

A

30000 different genes.

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6
Q

What do genes make up?

A

Our genome.

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7
Q

Where DNA found?

A

In chromosomes.

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8
Q

When are chromosomes visible?

A

During mitosis because DNA is coiled up into tight bundles.

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9
Q

DNA structure.

A

A DNA molecule consists of 2 strands. Called a Double Helix.

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10
Q

What is the DNA molecule made of?

A

Very small units called nucleotides!
Phosphates
Deoxyribose Sugars
Bases

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11
Q

How are the strands joined?

A

By bases.

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12
Q

What are the bases called?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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13
Q

How are these bases connected?

A

A-T (Adenine - Thymine)
C-G (Cytosine - Guanine)

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14
Q

What is the genetic codes?

A

A molecular language made up of just 3 letters. There are 64 different codes. (ATT, AAT, TCC, GTA;) )

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15
Q

What do the genetic codes represents?

A

They represents different Amino Acids. These are the physical building blocks of proteins. The amino acids are joined to make the DNA code - into a protein.

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16
Q

What do the genes carry?

A

The instruction on how to make proteins

17
Q

What is Messenger RNA?

A

When the gene does not make proteins directly. First an intermediary molecule is produced called mRNA.

18
Q

The base sequence of the DNA is used to make…?

A

Complimentary strands of DNA, called Uracil, because in mRNA there is no Thymine.

19
Q

What does the Messenger RNA do?

A

Carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus, out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Biology Unit 1 (6 decks)

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