Proteins Flashcards
What is a monomer of protein called?
Amino acid
What is a dimer of a protein called?
Dipeptide
What is a a polymer of a protein called?
Polypeptide. This is a functional protein
What is an amino acid? And what is its structure?
It is the monomer of any protein molecule. It has a central carbon atom. To the right of it there is a carboxylic acid group (COOH) and to the left is an amino /amine group (NH2). Above we draw a hydrogen atom and below we put the letter r which stands for a functional group. There are 20 different functional groups and these determine what amino acid it is. Glycine would have a hydrogen atom. Cysteine would have CH2SH, which is the only functional group with Sulphur in.
What elements do proteins mostly contain?
Nitrogen, carbon , hydrogen, oxygen
What is the name for a bond between two amino acids
Peptide Bond
What does a peptide Bond look like structurally?
A bubble is drawn around the remaining oxygen and carbon atom of the carboxylic acid and the hydrogen and nitrogen from the the amino group.
Where does the water molecule come from in a condensation reaction between two amino acids?
It is the oh of the carboxylic acid group and and the bottom H of the amino group.
What are the two types of functional proteins AKA polypeptides?
Metabolic / globula and structural / fibrous
Give an example of metabolic globular polypeptide
Enzymes, haemoglobin, antibodies, hormones
Give examples of structural / fibrous polypeptides
Collagen, keratin, myosin and actin
What does it mean for a protein to be metabolic / globular?
They have metabolic roles so involved in chemical reactions and are compact. ‘Metabolic’ describes the function, globular the shape.
What does it mean for a proteins to be structural / fibrous?
It means they have structural roles for example in hair and are extended rather than compact. Structural describes the function, globular the shape.
What levels of protein structure do metabolic / globular polypeptides have?
Tertiary or quaternary
What levels of protein structure do structural / fibrous polypeptides have?
Secondary or quaternary
Give an example of a tertiary metabolic / globular polypeptide
Enzymes
Give two examples of quaternary metabolic / globular polypeptides
Haemoglobin and antibodies
Give an example of quarternary / fibrous polypeptide
Collagen
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary sequence, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure