Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Hydrogen binds occur in proteins?

A

Occur between the N-H group of one protein and the C=O of another group at a different section of the chain which causes folding

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2
Q

What is electrostatic attraction?

A
  • The attraction between positively and negatively charged side chains
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3
Q

What are van der waals attractions

A
  • weak, short range electrostatic attractions between uncharged molecules
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4
Q

What is disulphide bonding?

A
  • formed between any 2 sulphides in an oxidation reaction
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5
Q

Where do peptide bonds occur?

A

Between N-H to C=O between each amino acid

- these are really rigid

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6
Q

What are the functions of Proteins?

A
  • Act as a catalyst
  • Transmit nerve impulses
  • development
  • movement
  • growth
  • immune protection
  • mechanical support
  • transport
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7
Q

What are the different ways in which an amino acid chain can fold?

A
  • Linear
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
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8
Q

Explain linear folding

A
  • This is a polypeptide chain that is bonded through peptide bonds
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9
Q

Explain Secondary folding

A

Secondary folding can occur as either Alpha helices or Beta sheets

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10
Q

What are Alpha Helices?

A
  • secondary folding caused by hydrogen bonds between different sections of the polypeptide chain
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11
Q

After how many amino acids will there be a turn if it is bonded through hydrogen bonds?

A
  • every 3-6 amino acids
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12
Q

why might an alpha helix structure become coiled around itself?

A
  • to allow the hydrophobic sections of the polypeptide chain to be on the inside
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13
Q

What are beta sheets?

A
  • Beta sheets are secondary folding that occurs due to hydrogen bonding forming sheets from a single polypeptide chain
  • these can either be parallel or anti-parallel
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14
Q

Describe Tertiary folding

A
  • A combination of the secondary folding

- This is devoid of symmetry

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15
Q

Describe quaternary folding

A
  • this folding must contain more than 1 side chain which are attached through electrostatic attraction
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16
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A
  • amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be sourced from the diet
17
Q

How are amino acids classified?

A
  • they are classified by their side chains and are grouped by charge and polarity
18
Q

What are the different types of side chain?

A
  • Acidic
  • Uncharged polar
  • Non-polar
19
Q

Describe a non-polar side chain

A
  • The size of the amino acid affects its structure
20
Q

Describe an Uncharged polar side chain

A
  • the amino acid will likely have an OH group or uncharged NH2
21
Q

Describe an acidic side chain

A
  • These side chains will have an added carboxyl group