DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of DNA both eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells?

A
  • A sugar phosphate backbone with bases bound to the sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the base pairings?

A

Adenine to Thymine

Guanine to Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does replication take place in Eukaryotic cells?

A

Translation and transcription both take place at the ribosomal site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe translation in eukaryotic cells

A
  • The process of forming a protein at a ribosomal site from information contained in mRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe transcription in Eukaryotic cells

A
  • The process of constructing a mRNA using a DNA molecule as a template
  • Resulting in the transfer of genetic material.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which direction does replication occur?

A
  • Replication occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does replication occur faster in prokaryotic cells?

A
  • in prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur simultaneously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes the double helix to separate in replication?

A

DNA Helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is it called when the double helix separates into 2 template strands?

A

Replication fork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is meant by the leading strand?

A
  • The strand is synthesised continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is meant by the lagging strand?

A
  • The strand is synthesised in short fragments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Okasaki Fragments?

A
  • The short segments of the lagging strand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does DNA Polymerase do?

A

Elongates Okasaki fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does DNA Ligase do?

A

Joins the Okasaki fragments together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is meant by the term Semiconservative?

A
  • That half of the genome is taken from each parent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is meant by the term bi-directional

A

That replication occurs in both directions

17
Q

How many origins of replication are there in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Prokaryotic = 1

- Eukaryotic = many

18
Q

What does nuclease do?

A
  • Cuts nucleic acid into smaller fragments