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mind map questions (IOE/HHP) > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Transcription?

A
  • The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
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2
Q

What is translation?

A
  • The synthesis of proteins from mRNA
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3
Q

What are the 3 RNA binding sites?

A

A site
P site
E site

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4
Q

What happens at the E binding site?

A
  • this is an mRNA binding site

- Releases the used tRNA into the cytoplasm

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5
Q

What happens at the P binding site?

A

This site holds one amino acid (The tRNA and the growing chain of amino acids attached)

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6
Q

What happens at the A binding site?

A

Where the tRNA and the next amino acid attaches

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7
Q

What is an elongation factor?

A

elongation factors deliver aminoacyl-tRNA to the A binding site on the ribosome

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8
Q

What is the structure of tRNA?

A
  • A single strand of bases which binds to itself to create loops
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9
Q

What is the Anticodon loop?

A

A loop that is very important due to it containing Inosine which can base pair with C, A or U

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10
Q

What is the 3D structure of tRNA?

A

an L shape

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11
Q

What is the CCA arm?

A

The CCA arm is present on one end of the tRNA and allows for proofreading of amino acids due to its ability to move

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12
Q

What is Aminoacyl-tRNA also known as?

A

tRNA ligase

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13
Q

What does Aminoacyl-tRNA do?

A

It attaches the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA

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14
Q

How is aminoacyl-tRNA bonded?

A
  • the hydroxyl group of the tRNA is esterified to the 3’ end of an amino acid
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15
Q

Where is Aminoacyl-tRNA located?

A

in the binding site of a ribosome

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16
Q

What is synthetase?

A
  • a set of enzymes that couple each amino acid to its tRNA molecule
17
Q

What is an Initiator?

A
  • A special methionine tRNA that binds to the initiation codon at the start of translation
18
Q

How many reading frames are possible?

A
  • 3
19
Q

What is the mechanism of protein synthesis?

A
  • it requires translation of nucleotide sequences into amino acid sequences
20
Q

Does Synthase require energy?

A

NO

21
Q

Does synthetase require energy?

A

YES - usually in the form of ATP

22
Q

What is the wobble hypothesis?

A

The wobble hypothesis is that the binds between tRNA and the amino acid aren’t set and allow the tRNA molecules to recognise more than 1 codon

mind map questions (IOE/HHP) (13 decks)

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