Proteins

Question 1

Basic unit of proteins made of

Answer 1

Amino acid

Question 2

Elements in all parts of amino acid

Answer 2

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon

Question 3

Structure

Answer 3

top side varies, nitrogen combined to two hydrogen, carbon to hydrogen, carbon off of carbo to oxygen to hydrogen, carbon to oxygen C-O-H is acid group
H-N-H is amino

Question 4

How many

Answer 4

20 amino acids

Question 5

Essential

Answer 5

This is needed from dietary forms as we cannot make this is our bodies

Question 6

Indispensable

Answer 6

cannot be synthesized by the body

Question 7

Step 1 of Synthesis

Answer 7

Cell signally- the cell signals the body to create protein, this happens in the cell membrane. it moves inside of the cytoplasm of a cell. it regulates what the body needs

Question 8

Step 2- Transcription

Answer 8

This transcripts the amino acid to form the sequence of protein. it happens in the nucleus. mRNA uses DNA to make this. mRNA binds to the gene to form mRNA strand and moves to the cytoplasm. carries the info needed

Question 9

Step 3- Translation

Answer 9

linkes together from the peptide bonds on ribosomes using mRNA and tRNA. Ribosome can build up the proteins. The ribs joins connects the polypeptides via peptide bonds.

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

protein of chromosome codes for primary structure of a protein

Question 11

Chromones

Answer 11

Strands of DNA, packed with the proteins in a nucleus and has 23 pairs

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

Codes for synthesis of a protein, nucleus

Question 13

Name of reaction that joins amino acid

Answer 13

Protein synthesis

Question 14

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 14

The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain
sequence in amino acids, polypeptide chain held together by covalent bonds. made by translation.

Question 15

Secondary Structure

Answer 15

coiling or folding, a- helix, B- folded sheets. weak bond causes alpha helix
-Hydrogen bonds between a repeating polypeptide backbone

Question 16

Quaternary

Answer 16

2 or more peptide chains come together polypeptide chains come tougher to form final protein

Question 17

Protein Digestion: stomach

Answer 17

pepsin is active enzyme in stomach which breaks bond to hold muscle together

1) releases HCl
2) HCL activity pepsinogen (inactive)
3) Pepsin breaks down protein/ peptides

Question 18

Small Intestine

Answer 18

The pancreatic and small intestinal proteases breaks down the polypeptides and creates dipeptides, tripeptides and amino acid

Question 19

Denaturation

Answer 19

is the destruction of proteins that alter or unfold to a 3D form,

Question 20

Cause of denaturation

Answer 20

a loss of biological activity
it loses quaternary structure, territory structure and secondary structure present in their native state by application of some external stress of compound such as a strong acid or base
caused by external stress

Question 21

Absorption of amino acids

Answer 21

are taken up by dipep and tripeptdes taken up by enterocytes. more digestion for amino acids
Transport: amino acids in blood- portal route,

Question 22

Metabolize amino acids

Answer 22

comes from diet and endogenous 
1- protein synthesis from dietary and engines sources 
2- making nonessential amino acids
3- energy production 
4- glucose production (critical)
5- conversion to body fat

Question 23

Major sites of body fat

Answer 23

40%- skeleton muscle
30%- Skin/ blood
25%- body organs

Question 24

Deamination process and where

Answer 24

removal of amine group (NHZ) enzymes that catalyst reaction called dreaminess and takes place in the liver
converts into urea for excretion in urine
higher intake= more protein

Question 25

Deamination

Answer 25

process of which amino acids are broken down if there are an excess protein intake. amino group is removed from amino acid and converted to ammonia.

Question 26

Protein Synthesis

Answer 26

cellis likin amino acids together(ribosomes) by means of condensation reactions.
amino acids are added and peptide bonds are formed.
-a.a are joined by forming peptide bonds
-Condensation reaction in which -OH of one amino acid is joined with a hydrogen atom of another amino acid, and water molecule is released

Question 27

Tertiary

Answer 27

addition folding causes formation of r groups interactions, 3D structure.
cellular environment has two different ones