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Bio 196 > GI tract > Flashcards

GI tract Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Digestive tract major functions

A

This is what helps our body get nutrients and break down food-

1) digestes
2) absorbs
3) eliminates

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2
Q

4 major tissues in body

A

Epithelial layer- provides protective layer on body’s surface as well as winning internal organs, ducts and cavities
connective: glue that hold body together
muscle- skeletal, smooth and cardica, specializes in movement
neural- communication via nerves. brain spinal cord and nerves

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3
Q

Muscosa

A

Mucosa- protection and secretions, mainley in epithelial cells, 2-3 days of life, food comes in contact, innermost

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4
Q

Submucosa

A

under the mucosa, rich supply of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and network of nerves

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5
Q

Muscularis

A

2 layers: move food one track to another is the mixing of food mass with digestive secretions

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6
Q

Serosa

A

Covers it all, protection and lubrication

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7
Q

Muscle layers of GI tract

A

Circular- contracts and relaxes creates segments along the intestine
Longitudinal- contracts and relaxes after circular allows food to travel

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8
Q

Lumen

A

cavity inside a tubular structure in the body

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9
Q

Bolus

A

soft moist mass of chewed food

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10
Q

Chyme

A

thick fluid resulting form mixing of food with gastric secretions in stomach

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11
Q

Epiglottis

A

cartilage flap covering trachea while swallowing

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12
Q

Enterocytes

A

epithelial cells that make up lumens surface of each villus

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13
Q

Digestion

A

physical and chemical breakdown of food by the digestive system into a form that allows nutrients to be absorbed

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14
Q

Types of mechanical digestion

A
  • Chewing/ mastication
  • Peristalsis- pushing towards, lose contractions and relaxed, vigiours
  • Segmenations- moves back and further, circular motions contrant and relax creates choppy motion. slower
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15
Q

Saliva

A

mouth, mastication and mucus, starts the process and salivary glands

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16
Q

Gastric juices

A

stomach tells their is food and tell them to produce more. produced by exclaimer cells made up of pits

17
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

pancreas, neutrializes chyme and contains enzymes need for carbs, protein and lipid digestion

18
Q

Bile

A

liver, recreation needed for lipids digestion but gallbladder stores and releases

19
Q

Intestinal juice

A

surrounds cells- chyme enters small intestine by decrease in gastric motility and secretion of gastric juice

20
Q

Bile Duct

A

conveys bile from the liver to gallbladder to the duodenum

Function: empties out small intestine and helps digest fat from foods

21
Q

Mouth

A

chews food, takes, moisten with saliva. releases starch. start of process

22
Q

Esophagus

A

lubration of mucus, carries food, liquids and salvia from the mouth to the stomach. muscular tube connecting pharynx with stomach- gastrocepohagel sphincter

23
Q

Stomach

A

Stores, mix and dissolves. secretes and releases pepin, regulates and emptying into small intestine, secretes acid and enzymes

24
Q

Small intestine

A

chemical digestion and nutrient absorption contains duodenum and ileum regulated by hormones, pancreatic juice and bile

25
Q

Lining of small intestine

A

Villi, Entrocytes, Microvilli

26
Q

Large Intestine

A

Absorption of water, minerals and waste material. storage of elimination

27
Q

Gastroesphagel sphincter

A

circular muscle that regulates flow of food between the ephagus and stomach

28
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

cicular muscle that regulates flow of food between stomach and duodenum

29
Q

Bacteria of colon

A

400 bacterias that digests cellulose activity to K, B12 and ribosomes. it protects from infection. healthy intestinal probation and prebiotic foods

30
Q

Pancreas, liver and gallbladder

A

pancreatic juice which is moved by the liver and gallbladder. the gall stores and moves bile and the liver creates the bile

31
Q

Absorption

A

taking up of nutrients after digestion into the enterocytes so they can be transported out of the body to cells

32
Q

Absorption occurs ?

A

it happens most in the small intestine

33
Q

How effective, surface area?

A

very effective, 95% of nutrients are absorbed and it can cover 1/2 or basketball court

34
Q

Villi

A

covers wall. lacerates and blood transports out- in-between the cells

35
Q

entrocytes

A

covering of villi, takes up nutrient

36
Q

microvilli-

A

also called brush boarder, traps the nutrients close to sites, draws towards

37
Q

What structures do nutrient exit from

A

the bastolateral membrane- circulates away by blood by lymph

38
Q

Portal

A

vili to portal vein to liver to hepatic vein to hearth and blood

39
Q

Lymph

A

villi to lymph vessel to thoaracic duct to subclavian vein to heart

Bio 196 (4 decks)

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