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Biology - Unit 3 > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the different functions of proteins?

A 
Transport
Enzymes
Antibodies
Contractile
Hormonal
Extra Storage
Receptors 
Structural
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1
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Everything.

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2
Q

Name a transport protein

A

Haemoglobin

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3
Q

Name an enzyme protein

A

Lactase

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4
Q

Name a antibody protein

A

Immunoglobulin

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5
Q

Name a contractile protein

A

Myosin

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6
Q

Name a hormonal protein

A

Oestrogen

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7
Q

Name a Extra storage protein

A

Casein

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8
Q

Name a receptor protein

A

Hormone receptor

MHC marker

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9
Q

Name a structural protein

A

Collagen

Keratin

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10
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A 
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen 
and sometimes (Sulphur and Phosphorus)
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11
Q

Another word for a protein:

A

polypeptides

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12
Q

What are the subunits of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20 (recently 22 due to research)

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14
Q

The human body can make 11 amino acids. What are they called?

A

Essential amino acids

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15
Q

The amino acids that the body can’t produce are called:

A

non-essential Amino Acids

16
Q

An amino acid is generally composed of:

A

Central Carbon and Hydrogen
Carboxyl Group
Amine Group
R (Variable) Group

17
Q

What bond is formed when two amino acids are joined together:

A

Peptide bond

18
Q

How is a peptide bond formed between the amine and carboxyl group?

A

The H2 from the NH2 in the amine group and the O from the COOH group form H2O resulting in peptide bond between the Carboxyl and Amine group

19
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

Many peptide bonds (lots of amino acids joined together)

20
Q

How can a protein’s structure be broken down?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

21
Q

What determined the function of a protein?

A

The 3D shape of a protein

22
Q

What is the primary structure of the protein based on?

A

The amino acid sequence

Gly-Val-Gly-Lyc

23
Q

What is the secondary structure based on?

A

The folding of a portion of the amino acid chain

24
Q

What are the three main configurations in the secondary structure of a protein?

A

alpha helix
beta pleated sheet
random coil

25
Q

What is random coil?

A

It is not a true secondary structure but signifies the absence of one.

26
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein based on?

A

The 3D shape of the entire polypeptide chain

27
Q

What composes the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

The alpha helixes, beta pleated sheets and random coils all together

28
Q

What is the quaternary structure of protein based upon?

A

When two or more polypeptide chains interact with each other to form a protein

29
Q

What are conjugated proteins?

A

Sometimes polypeptide chains conjugate (associate/join with) other organic compounds

30
Q

Name three conjugate proteins and their composition

A

Nucleoproteins – protein and nucleic acids
Glycoproteins – protein and glycans (oligosaccharides)
Lipoproteins – protein and lipids

31
Q

What is an non-active protein?

A

Proteins that produced in an inactive form (usually enzymes and hormones)

32
Q

How are non-active proteins activated?

A

They require specific enzymes to activate them. Which results in a change in the 3D shape of the protein

33
Q

What is a proteome?

A

The complete collection of proteins produced by a single cell or organism in a PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT at a SPECIFIC TIME

34
Q

What is the study of proteomes called?

A

Proteomics

35
Q

Why is the study of proteomes important?

A

No protein works in isolation of other proteins and different organisms are comprised of different proteins. This can help scientists analyse an organism at a greater understanding

36
Q

What is structural proteomics?

A

The study of 3D structures of known proteins, which then allows for testable predictions about the function of new/unknown proteins based on their structure

Biology - Unit 3 (16 decks)

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