Enzymes

Question 0

What is metabolism?

Answer 0

ALL the chemical reactions in the body

Question 1

Chemical reactions will only occur if…

Answer 1

…there is sufficient energy to begin the reaction (activation energy)

Question 2

What is activation energy?

Answer 2

Energy required to initiate a chemical reaction

Question 3

What are enzymes?

Answer 3

Enzymes are organic or inorganic catalyst that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction

Question 4

How do enzymes work?

Answer 4

Enzymes work by lowering the amount of energy required (activation energy) to complete a reaction

Question 5

What is enzyme action?

Answer 5

How enzymes work to initiate or accelerate a chemical reaction by binding to substrates
.

Question 6

Where does the substrate bind to the enzyme?

Answer 6

The active site

Question 7

What is the active site?

Answer 7

The active site is the region of the enzyme responsible for its catalytic function

Question 8

What are substrate molecules?

Answer 8

Substrate(s) are the compounds that are acted on by enzymes

Question 9

What are products in enzyme action?

Answer 9

Product(s) are the compounds that are produced due to enzyme activity

Question 10

How does the substrate binding to the enzyme work?

Answer 10

This binding weakens the bonds within the substrate(s). These stresses break or rearrange substrate(s) to form the product(s) of the reaction.

Question 11

After the products are released…

Answer 11

…the enzyme is able to catalyse another reaction

Question 12

What are the two models for enzyme action?

Answer 12

Lock and key model

Induced fit model

Question 13

What is the lock and key model?

Answer 13

Substrate and active site are a perfect fit just like a lock and key

Question 14

What is the induced fit model?

Answer 14

Once the substrate binds to the active site, the active site changes shape to make a better, more effective fit.

Question 15

What is used today between the two models in enzyme action?

Answer 15

Induced fit model

Question 16

Enzymes are proteins thereby meaning that they can be ….

Answer 16

…denatured

Question 17

What is denaturation?

Answer 17

Denaturation occurs when the secondary and tertiary structures of a protein becomes unfolded

Question 18

What can cause a protein (enzyme) to denature?

Answer 18

Different levels of pH

Different levels of temperature

Question 19

What is optimal temperature?

Answer 19

The optimal temperature at which an enzyme functions at its highest rate

Question 20

Is denaturation permanent?

Answer 20

Most enzymes cannot form again after denaturation but some can.

Question 21

What happens when you increase substrate concentration?

Answer 21

Reaction rate increases until all enzymes are being used at a single point resulting in the saturation point

Question 22

What happens when enzyme concentration is increased?

Answer 22

Reaction rate increases until all the substrate molecules are used up

Question 23

What are inhibitors?

Answer 23

Inhibitors are chemicals that prevent the enzyme from functioning

Question 24

What are competitive inhibitors?

Answer 24

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme preventing substrate binding

Question 25

What are non-competitive inhibitors?

Answer 25

Inhibitors that bind to a site other than the active site, changing the shape of the shape of enzyme preventing it from biding to the substrate

Question 26

What is the allosteric site?

Answer 26

Site other than the active site on the enzyme that initiates allosteric inhibition (non-competitive inhibition)

Question 27

What interactions are use to help enzymes function properly?

Answer 27

Cofactors and coenzymes

Question 28

What are cofactors?

Answer 28

Inorganic substances (e.g. ions) that assist enzyme function are called cofactors

Question 29

What are coenzymes?

Answer 29

Organic molecules (e.g. vitamins) that assist enzyme function are called coenzymes

Question 30

Why is it important to each vitamins and minerals?

Answer 30

Vitamins and minerals form coenzymes and cofactors that help enzyme action

Question 31

What is a common coenzyme that is important in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 31

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 32

What is ATP?

Answer 32

ATP is a nucleotide, energy-rich compound that is created in mitochondria during cellular respiration

Question 33

What is a biochemical pathway?

Answer 33

Series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.