Proteins Flashcards
What is the catabolic state caused by insufficient protein intake called?
Gluconeogenesis.
What are the three main components of amino acids?
Nitrogen, carboxylic acid, and side chain R.
What is gluconeogensis?
synthesis of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids.
-occurs in the liver.
What condition can result from insufficient albumin?
Edema (medical condition caused by swollen tissues).
What can happen to the liver due to impaired synthesis of fatty acid-transporting proteins?
Fatty Liver
What is the AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) for protein intake?
10-35%.
How does the Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) of adolescent athletes compare to adults?
Higher in adolescents compared to adults.
What is the protein recommendation range for young athletes?
1.35-1.6g/kg of body mass.
What balance is needed for growth in children and adolescents?
Positive nitrogen balance.
What are three outcomes expected if protein requirements are met in young athletes?
1) Replace exercise-induced amino acid oxidative losses,
2) Enhance whole-body net protein balance,
3) Support normal growth and development.
What can excess protein intake potentially limit?
Intake of other nutrients
What organ system is affected by renal acid load from high protein intake?
Kidneys - acid needed for kidneys to process and excrete to maintain body’s acid-base balance.
Why do children have higher protein requirements compared to adults?
To support growth and development.
What is one consequence of insufficient protein intake on growth?
Inadequate or stunted growth.
What is the primary function of amino acids in the body?
They are the building blocks of proteins.
What are the differences in leucine concentration between resistance and endurance exercise?
- Resistance exercise has higher concentrations of Leucine.
- Endurance exercise leads to greater leucine oxidation causing lower concentrations of leucine.
what is the role of leucine activating mTORC1 pathway to stimulate protein synthesis
- Leucine is uniquely sensed by cells, particularly muscle cells, as an indicator of overall protein availability. (Signalling molecule).
- This activation increases the efficiency of mRNA translation, leading to enhanced protein synthesis.
Protein recommendation POST EXERCISE
0.4g/kg
Protein recommendation for young athletes:
1.35 - 1.6g/kg
Protein recommendations for masters athletes:
0.75g/kg
What happens to protein oxidation with training?
It decreases
