Proteins Flashcards
What are the chemical groups present in animo acids and their structure?
Animo group, carboxyl group, hydrogen group, and R group
Why is the R group important?
It makes an amino acid different to others. There’s 20 diff R groups that give us 20 diff amino acids
Draw a peptide bond:
Look in book for answer
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Most important type of bonding in the SECONDARY structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonding since it causes alpha sheets
What are all the bonds responsible for the globular shape displayed by proteins with TERTIARY structure?
Hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bond, disulfide bond
How many bonds do all of the structures have?
Primary = 1
Secondary = 2
Tertiary = 3
What are the features of a protein with QUATERNARY structure?
More than one protein/polypeptide chain, and may have a prosthetic group. Its the final level of protein
Has association of 2+ individual proteins called subunits. Subunits can be identical or different
What does the quaternary structure contain?
A heme group (haemaglobin), prosthetic (non-protein) groups, and it also reacts with oxygen
What are the types of proteins?
Globular proteins, conjugated proteins, and fibrous proteins
Proteins are organised into these groups based on structure
What are the features of globular proteins?
Compact, water-soluble, and irregular (roughly spherical) in shape.
Forms as result of hydrophobic R-groups being kept away from aqueous environments. Hydrophillic R-groups are on outside of molecule, making it soluble in water
What are conjugated proteins?
Globular proteins that contain as prosthetic group.
Prosthetic groups may be lipids, carbs, or those containing metal ions
What are fibrous proteins?
Formed from long, insoluble molecules. Contain high proportion of hydrophobic R-groups in their primary structure.
Contains long polypeptide chains that are tightly coiled
Examples of fibrous proteins?
Keratin, elastin, and collagen
Examples of conjugated proteins:
Haemoglobin and catalase
