Bonding + elements

Question 1

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 1

2 non metals sharing a pair of electrons

Question 2

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 2

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions - one gains electron + one loses electron

Question 3

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 3

Weak electrostatic force between a positive pole of hydrogen atom + negative pole of another atom (usually carbon or nitrogen)

Question 4

What elements are present in a water molecule?

Answer 4

Hydrogen, oxygen

Question 5

What elements are present in a lipid molecule?

Answer 5

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon

Question 6

What elements are present in a carbohydrate molecule?

Answer 6

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon

Question 7

What elements are present in a protein molecule?

Answer 7

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur
(NACHOS)

Question 8

What elements are present in a nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) molecule?

Answer 8

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 9

What is the purpose of mineral ions (electrolytes)?

Answer 9

Organisms need mineral ions for reactions, some are positively charged (cations) and some are negatively charged (anions)

When mineral ions dissolve in solution (blood plasma, cytoplasm), called electrolytes

Question 10

What does delta mean?

Answer 10

Slightly

Question 11

Explain hydrogen bonding in water:

Answer 11

• Water is polar molecule: electrons in molecule spend more time around oxygen atom
• Causes oxygen atom in water to become negative pole (slight negative charge)
• Hydrogen atoms in water become positive poles (slight positive charge)
• Hydrogen bonds form between + pole of 1 water molecule and - pole of neighbouring water molecule