Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the 4 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and sugar

Question 2

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 2

Single sugar unit acting as a monomer for all carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbs

Question 3

What are disaccharides?

Answer 3

Molecule made of 2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond

Question 4

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 4

Molecule made of more than 2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond

Question 5

What is sugar?

Answer 5

Any monosaccharide or disaccharide

Question 6

What are the features of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and sugar?

Answer 6

Soluble in water + sweet taste

Question 7

What are the features of polysaccharides?

Answer 7

Compact size for storage (amylose is helical), long insoluble chains in cellulose, branching in glycogen

Question 8

Examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 8

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 9

Examples of disaccharides?

Answer 9

Maltose, sucrose, and lactose

Question 10

Examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 10

Amylose + amylopectin, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 11

Why is carbon essential?

Answer 11

Its tetravalent (can form upto 4 bonds), and can form straight chains, branched chains, and ring structures

Question 12

What happens in a condensation reaction?

Answer 12

2 monosaccharides join together, then the 2 hydroxyl (OH) groups interact, producing water + forming a glycosidic bond

Question 13

What is the bond formed when 2 alpha glucose molecules combine?

Answer 13

1-4 glycosidic bond