proteins Flashcards
Very _________ __________ in our
cells and are _________ for all
living organisms.
important molecules; essential
Most abundant _________ _________
of the living system.
organic molecules
Importance of Proteins
- Major structural component of
animal tissues. - Involved in the maintenance of life
processes such as: (C, D, MR,BC, OT) - 15% of our body mass
- abundant solid substances in bodies
- building, maintaining tissues
Involved in the maintenance of life
processes such as:
(C, D, MR,BC, OT)
Communication(nerves)
Defense(antibodies)
Metabolic regulation(hormones)
Biochemical catalysis(enzymes)
Oxygen transport(hemoglobin)
Proteins were first described by the
Dutch chemist
Gerardus Johannes
Mulder
Proteins are first named by the Swedish chemist.
Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1838.
Believed that
protein was the most important
nutrient for maintaining
the structure of the body,
because it was generally
believed that
“flesh makes flesh“.
Carl von Voit
1926, the enzyme urease was a protein.
James B. Sumner
First who sequenced insulin.
Frederick Sanger
The first protein structures to be solved.
- Hemoglobin & Myoglobin
The first protein structures to be solved by?
Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery
Kendrew, in 1958.
The three-dimensional structures of
both proteins were first determined by the ____ ________ analysis.
X-ray diffraction analysis
They shared the 1962 Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for these discoveries. (where the three-dimensional structures of
both proteins were first determined)
Perutz and Kendrew
The elementary composition of most
proteins are?
55% Carbon
15% Nitrogen
7% Hydrogen
1% Sulfur
23% Oxygen
< 1% Phosphorus
Characteristics of Proteins
broken down to units by enzyme
amino group and acid group (ampotheric).
elementary composition
Functions of Proteins
(ASSCETH)
Antibodies
Contractile proteins
Enzymes
Hormonal proteins
Structural proteins
Storage proteins
Transport proteins
(Type of Proteins) They are specialized proteins involved in defending the body from antigens.
Antibodies
One way antibodies counteract
antigens is by _______________ them so
they can be destroyed by white blood
cells.
immobilizing
(Type of Proteins) They are responsible for muscle contraction and movement.
Contractile Proteins
Examples of
CONTRACTILE proteins
include…?
actin
and myosin
(Type of Proteins) They are proteins that facilitate
biochemical reactions.
Enzymes
(Type of Proteins) They are often referred to as catalysts
because they speed up chemical
reactions.
Enzymes
(Type of Proteins) They are messenger
proteins which help to coordinate
certain bodily activities.
Hormonal Proteins
Examples of Hormonal proteins include…?
insulin, oxytocin,
and somatotropin
(Hormonal Proteins) It regulates glucose metabolism by controlling the blood-sugar concentration.
Insulin
(Hormonal Proteins) It stimulates contractions during childbirth.
Oxytocin
(Hormonal Proteins) It is a growth hormone that stimulates protein production in muscle cells.
Somatotropin
(Type of Proteins) They are fibrous and stringy and because of this formation, they provide support for various body parts.
Structural Proteins
The examples of Structural Proteins include…?
keratin, collagen, and elastin
(Structural Proteins) They strengthen protective coverings such as skin, hair, quills, feathers, horns, and beaks.
Keratins
(Structural Proteins) They provide support for connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments.
Collagens and Elastin
(Type of Proteins) They store amino acids for the body to use later.
Storage Proteins
(Storage Proteins) It is an another protein that stores iron in the transport protein, hemoglobin.
Ferritin
(Type of Proteins) The carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.
Transport Proteins
(Transport Proteins) It is one of these and is responsible for transporting oxygen through the blood via red blood cells.
Hemoglobin
(Transport Proteins) are another that operate in the electron transport chain as electron carrier proteins.
Cytochromes
Protein- rich foods
- Lean white meats
- Soy
- Beef
- Beans
- Eggs
- Dairy
- Seafood
They are the basic structural building blocks of protein.
Amino acid
molecules having one amino group,
one carboxyl group,
one H atom and
one specific group(R group)
attached
to the
central C atom.
Amino acid
The are 20 ________ ______ _____
used by the ____________ to make
proteins. These 20 have _ ________
at the _-_______.
common amino acids; ribosomes; L chirality; α-carbon
Classification of amino acid:
structure of side chain
polarity of the side chain (R group)
nutritional requirements
metabolic fate
Amino acid can be classified into…?
based on need and availability in the human body
1. Essential Amino acids
2. Semi – essential Amino acids
(Conditional Amino acids)
3. Non – essential Amino acids
