cells Flashcards
shape, rod-like
bacteria E.coli (escherichia coli)
slipper shape
protozoan
irregular shape
amoeba
box/cube shape
plant cells
long and thin shape
muscle cells
flat shape
skin cells
elongated with tentacles shape
nerve cells
levels of organization (biochem)
C, T, O, OS, OR
cell theory (1)
all living things are composed of one or more cells; chemical reactions of living cells take place within the cells
cell theory (3)
all cells originate from pre-existing cells;
cells contain hereditary information, which is passed on from one generation to another
cell theory (2)
the cell is the basic unit of life
two basic types of cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
types of prokar
B, A
types of eukar
P2, F, A
most bacteria (cell size)
1-10 microns
eukaryotic cells (cell size)
10 - 100 microns
micron equivalent in micrometer
1/1,000,000 meter
why study cells
bodies are made up of cells
cells do all the work of life
the work of life of a cell
B3, R2, E, M, C
3 main jobs of cells
make E, P, MC
does the work of cells, keeps it alive
organelles
organelles that makes energy
CM, LY, VAC&VES, MT
the cells must
take in food and digest it, takes in oxy, make atp
cell membrane
S2, C, P
separates from external envi
controls exit & entrance
signal from other cells
phospholipid bilayer
cytoplasm
jelly-like, jolding organelles in place
vesicle
move material around cell
vacuoles
storage
amount of vacuoles in plant and animal cells
central (one, big); animals (many, small)
lysosomes
food digestion (for energy), garbage disposal and recycling
makes energy and turns sugar & oxy to atp; double membrane
mitochondria
plants’ way of energy making
cellular respiration (atp from mitochondria); photosynthesis (atp & sugar from chloroplasts)
photosynthesis
sunlight & co2 = atp & sugar
(atp = active energy
sugar/starch = stored energy)
organelles that makes proteins
N, R, ER, GA
major job of cells
make proteins because
dna - proteins - cells (structural enzymes, signals, receptors)
major job of cells
make proteins because
dna - proteins - cells (structural enzymes, signals, receptors)
protects dna ( instructions for building proteins)
nucleus
ribosome factory
nucleolus
what the dna is made of in the nucleus
chromosomes
protein factories (instruct. in dna), some attached in cytoplasm, some free in the cytoplasm
ribosomes
works on proteins and makes membranes
ER
rough er
ribosomes attached, works on proteins
makes membranes
smooth er
finishes, sorts, labels, ships proteins through vesicles; membrane sacs
golgi apparatus
organelles that makes more cells to r2 & g
nucleus & centrioles
help coordinates in cell division; one pair in each cell
centrioles
