Proteins

Question 1

What kind of sugar does RNA contain?

Answer 1

Ribose sugar

Question 2

RNA is _________ stranded

Answer 2

Single

Question 3

RNA contains the base ___________

Answer 3

Uracil

Question 4

RNA moves ______________

Answer 4

In and out of the nucleus

Question 5

Does RNA carry genetic information?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What does mRNA do?

Answer 6

Carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts

Question 7

What does tRNA do?

Answer 7

Carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 8

What does rRNA do?

Answer 8

Form the core of a cell’s ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place)

Question 9

What are restriction enzymes?

Answer 9

Enzymes that are able to cleave double-stranded DNA into fragments at specific sequences (also known as restriction endonucleus)

Question 10

What type of DNA is an engineered combination of DNA from two different sources?

Answer 10

Recombinant DNA

Question 11

What are sticky ends?

Answer 11

DNA molecules with short single-stranded overhangs, resulting from cleavage by a restriction enzyme, are more useful because the sticky ends can be easily joined with other sticky ends

Question 12

What are blunt ends?

Answer 12

DNA molecules that are fully base paired, resulting from cleavage by a restriction enzymes, more useful when analyzing DNA for criminal investigations

Question 13

What is CRISPR?

Answer 13

A powerful tool for editing genomes, meaning it allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function

Question 14

What is an advantage of CRISPR technologies?

Answer 14

It makes more precise cuts

Question 15

What type of protein complex is associated with CRISPR technologies?

Answer 15

Cas 9

Question 16

To produce DNA fragments, DNA must be cut into smaller pieces by ______________

Answer 16

Restriction enzymes

Question 17

An enzyme is a type of _________

Answer 17

Protein

Question 18

What are two qualities scientists have attempted to engineer into agricultural plants?

Answer 18

Aesthetic looks and health benefits

Question 19

What are two examples of mutagens?

Answer 19

Radiation and chemicals (smoking, vaping)

Question 20

What is a mutation?

Answer 20

A change in DNA

Question 21

What is substitution?

Answer 21

A mutation that exchanges one base for another (a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G)

Question 22

What is insertion?

Answer 22

Mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA

Question 23

What is deletion?

Answer 23

Mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted

Question 24

What are point mutations?

Answer 24

When only one nucleotide is altered, the mutation is referred to as a point mutation

Question 25

What are translocation mutations?

Answer 25

If a longer sequence of nucleotides are changed, the mutation is referred to as a translocation mutation

Question 26

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 26

When a mistake in the genetic code occurs and the product is different

Question 27

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 27

When a mistake in the genetic code occurs and nothing can be coded

Question 28

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 28

When it changes a codon to one that encodes the same amino acid and causes no change in the protein produced

Question 29

What causes mutations?

Answer 29

DNA fails to copy correctly, external influences