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Biology 12 Exam > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the stages in which the nervous system operates?

A

Stimulus, process, response

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2
Q

What are the stages of the reflex response?

A

Stimulus, response, process

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons, inter neurons, motor neurons

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4
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

These neurons are attached to stimulus receptors and carry messages to the processing centers of the nervous system

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5
Q

What do inter neurons do?

A

These neurons make up the processing centers of the nervous system

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6
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

These neurons carry a response message back to either a muscle or a gland

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7
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Specialized cells that wrap tightly around axons to form the myelin sheath. They speed up the electrical signal (action potential) that travels down an axon

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8
Q

What are microglia?

A

Special immune cells found only in the brain that can detect damaged or unhealthy neurons

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9
Q

What are ependymal?

A

Form a lining along the brain ventricles and central canal. Besides providing a somewhat leaky barrier between the inner and outer regions of the brain, they are also responsible for secreting cerebral spinal fluid

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10
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Star-shaped glia that hold neurons in place, get nutrients to them, and digest parts of dead neurons

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11
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Voluntary (conscious) responses by activating skeletal muscles

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12
Q

What are the two units the somatic nervous system is compromised of?

A

Sensory neurons, motor neurons

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13
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

The smooth muscle of the internal organs and glands – the parts of the body outside of conscious control

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14
Q

What type of neurons does the autonomic system only consist of?

A

Motor neurons

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15
Q

What are the two units the autonomic nervous system is compromised of?

A

Sympathetic system, parasympathetic system

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16
Q

What is the sympathetic system?

A

Prepares the body for stressful situations as it sets off the “fight or flight” reaction

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17
Q

What is the parasympathetic system?

A

Allows the body to restore itself back to its normal resting state after coping with stress

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18
Q

What are the 2 units of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic, somatic

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19
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

20
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Judgement, reasoning, personality

21
Q

What does the occipital lobe control?

A

Vision

22
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

Touch

23
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

Hearing

24
Q

What is an example of glial cell that produces myelin?

A

Schwaan cells produce myelin in the PNS

25
Q

What is the function of myelin?

A

Insulation and to speed up impulses

26
Q

What is the part of the brain that allows communication between the two hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

27
Q

The brain is surrounded by three membranes known as the _________

A

Meninges

28
Q

What type of neurons are found in the central nervous system?

A

Interneurons

29
Q

Which parts of the brain make up the brain stem?

A

Midprain, pons, medulla oblongata

30
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for long term memory functioning?

A

Hippocampus

31
Q

What part of the brain controls autonomic functioning such as heart rate?

A

Medulla oblongata

32
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Subconscious, skeletal muscle contractions required for movement, balance, posture and muscle coordination

33
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Coordinating and interpreting sensory information associated with touch, pain, heat and cold

34
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Control of hunger, body temperature, aggression and other aspects related to metabolism

35
Q

What does the pons do?

A

Serves as a relay station for information passing between the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla

36
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A

The major coordinating center for sensory information and motor responses. It is responsible for controlling speech, reasoning, memory and personality

37
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Responsible for thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling voluntary movements

38
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Produces and releases hormones that control many other glands in the body.

39
Q

What are the types of photoreceptors found in the eye?

A

Cones and rods

40
Q

What are the 3 layers the eye is composed of?

A

Sclera, chloroid, retina

41
Q

During action potential , what type of ion rushes into the neuron?

A

Na+

42
Q

What is the name of the membrane structure that causes charge difference?

A

Sodium potassium pump

43
Q

What is the limbic system made up of?

A

Hypothalamus, hippocampus, amyglada

44
Q

What does the amyglada do?

A

Located on the left side of the thalamus and controls emotions such as aggression, fear and jealousy

45
Q

What type of voltage gated channels open that allow the internal charge to drop?

A

Voltage gated potassium ion channel

Biology 12 Exam (6 decks)

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