Nervous System Flashcards
What are the stages in which the nervous system operates?
Stimulus, process, response
What are the stages of the reflex response?
Stimulus, response, process
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Sensory neurons, inter neurons, motor neurons
What do sensory neurons do?
These neurons are attached to stimulus receptors and carry messages to the processing centers of the nervous system
What do inter neurons do?
These neurons make up the processing centers of the nervous system
What do motor neurons do?
These neurons carry a response message back to either a muscle or a gland
What are oligodendrocytes?
Specialized cells that wrap tightly around axons to form the myelin sheath. They speed up the electrical signal (action potential) that travels down an axon
What are microglia?
Special immune cells found only in the brain that can detect damaged or unhealthy neurons
What are ependymal?
Form a lining along the brain ventricles and central canal. Besides providing a somewhat leaky barrier between the inner and outer regions of the brain, they are also responsible for secreting cerebral spinal fluid
What are astrocytes?
Star-shaped glia that hold neurons in place, get nutrients to them, and digest parts of dead neurons
What does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary (conscious) responses by activating skeletal muscles
What are the two units the somatic nervous system is compromised of?
Sensory neurons, motor neurons
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
The smooth muscle of the internal organs and glands – the parts of the body outside of conscious control
What type of neurons does the autonomic system only consist of?
Motor neurons
What are the two units the autonomic nervous system is compromised of?
Sympathetic system, parasympathetic system
What is the sympathetic system?
Prepares the body for stressful situations as it sets off the “fight or flight” reaction
What is the parasympathetic system?
Allows the body to restore itself back to its normal resting state after coping with stress
What are the 2 units of the peripheral nervous system?
Autonomic, somatic
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
What does the frontal lobe control?
Judgement, reasoning, personality
What does the occipital lobe control?
Vision
What does the parietal lobe control?
Touch
What does the temporal lobe control?
Hearing
What is an example of glial cell that produces myelin?
Schwaan cells produce myelin in the PNS
What is the function of myelin?
Insulation and to speed up impulses
What is the part of the brain that allows communication between the two hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
The brain is surrounded by three membranes known as the _________
Meninges
What type of neurons are found in the central nervous system?
Interneurons
Which parts of the brain make up the brain stem?
Midprain, pons, medulla oblongata
Which part of the brain is responsible for long term memory functioning?
Hippocampus
What part of the brain controls autonomic functioning such as heart rate?
Medulla oblongata
What does the cerebellum control?
Subconscious, skeletal muscle contractions required for movement, balance, posture and muscle coordination
What does the thalamus do?
Coordinating and interpreting sensory information associated with touch, pain, heat and cold
What does the hypothalamus do?
Control of hunger, body temperature, aggression and other aspects related to metabolism
What does the pons do?
Serves as a relay station for information passing between the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla
What does the cerebrum do?
The major coordinating center for sensory information and motor responses. It is responsible for controlling speech, reasoning, memory and personality
What does the cerebral cortex do?
Responsible for thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling voluntary movements
What does the pituitary gland do?
Produces and releases hormones that control many other glands in the body.
What are the types of photoreceptors found in the eye?
Cones and rods
What are the 3 layers the eye is composed of?
Sclera, chloroid, retina
During action potential , what type of ion rushes into the neuron?
Na+
What is the name of the membrane structure that causes charge difference?
Sodium potassium pump
What is the limbic system made up of?
Hypothalamus, hippocampus, amyglada
What does the amyglada do?
Located on the left side of the thalamus and controls emotions such as aggression, fear and jealousy
What type of voltage gated channels open that allow the internal charge to drop?
Voltage gated potassium ion channel
