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Biology 12 Exam > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are protein hormones?

A

Made up of amino acids, they function by attaching to the cell membranes of their target cells

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2
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A

Made up of lipids/cholesterol, are able to penetrate the cell membranes of their target cells. They attach directly to specific receptor sites inside the target cell

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3
Q

How do exocrine glands release their contents?

A

Through ducts

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4
Q

How do endocrine glands release their contents?

A

Through the bloodstream

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5
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are released from the?

A

Anterior pituitary

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6
Q

Oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) are released from the?

A

Posterior pituitary

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7
Q

What are the target cells of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

Ovary and testes

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8
Q

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

Allows the ovarian follicles to mature. The ovarian follicles secrete estrogen. Within the testes, FSH allows the seminiferous tubules to mature

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9
Q

What are the target cells of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Ovary and testes

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10
Q

What is the function of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Production of estrogen and progesterone or testosterone

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11
Q

What are the target cells of prolactin?

A

Mammary glands

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12
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Stimulates milk production in breast

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13
Q

What are the target cells of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Thyroid gland

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14
Q

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

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15
Q

What are the target cells of growth hormone (GH)?

A

Body cells

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16
Q

What is the function of growth hormone (GH)?

A

Stimulates growth

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17
Q

What are the target cells of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Adrenal cortex

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18
Q

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis and secretion

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19
Q

What are the target cells of oxytocin?

A

Uterus

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20
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Directs the uterus to start contracting in preparation for childbirth, also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk

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21
Q

What are the target cells of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Kidney

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22
Q

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Allows the body to retain water

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23
Q

What are the target cells of thyroxine?

A

General

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24
Q

What is the function of thyroxine?

A

Stimulates metabolism, growth and development

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25
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Prevents calcium loss therefore lowering blood calcium levels

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25
Q

What are the target cells of calcitonin?

26
Q

What gland does thyroxine come from?

A

Thyroid gland

27
Q

What gland does calcitonin come from?

28
Q

What are the target cells of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Bone, Kidney, Digestive Tract

29
Q

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Stimulates the release of calcium from the body’s bones which result in higher levels of calcium from the blood, also enhances absorption of calcium in the kidneys and digestive tract

30
Q

What gland does the parathyroid hormone (PTH) come from?

A

Parathyroid gland

31
Q

What are the target cells of melatonin?

A

Gonads, pigment cells

32
Q

What is the function of melatonin?

A

Controls biorhythms, influences reproduction

33
Q

What gland does melatonin come from?

A

Pineal gland

34
Q

What are the target cells of corticoids (cortisol)?

35
Q

What is the function of corticoids (cortisol)?

A

Brings about an increase in blood sugar in response to stress

36
Q

What glands does corticoids (cortisol) come from?

A

Adrenal cortex

37
Q

What are the target cells of epinephrine?

A

Blood vessels

38
Q

What gland does epinephrine come from?

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

What gland does norepinephrine come from?

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

What is the function of epinephrine?

A

Constricts blood vessels, increases heart rate

38
Q

What is the function of norepinephrine?

A

Increases oxygen supply to brain, releases energy stores

39
Q

What are the target cells of norepinephrine?

A

Blood vessels, liver

40
Q

What are the target cells of glucagon?

A

Liver, fatty tissue

41
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

Converts glycogen to glucose; increases blood sugar

42
Q

What gland does glucagon come from?

43
Q

What are the target cells of insulin?

44
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

Decrease blood sugar

45
Q

What gland does insulin come from?

46
Q

What are the target cells of estrogen?

A

General, uterus

47
Q

What is the function of estrogen?

A

Develop/maintain female sex characteristics; stimulate growth of uterine lining

48
Q

What gland does estrogen come from?

49
Q

What are the target cells of progesterone?

50
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Progesterone helps to maintain the lining of the uterus if pregnancy occurs. It also inhibits further ovulation

51
Q

What gland does progesterone come from?

52
Q

What are the target cells of testosterone?

A

General, reproductive structures

53
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Develops/maintains male sex characteristics, promotes sperm formation

54
Q

What gland does testosterone come from?

55
Q

What are the target cells of thymosin?

A

Blood vessels

56
Q

What is the function of thymosin?

A

Protection, immune system

57
Q

What gland does thymosin come from?

58
Q

What gland controls the flight or fight response?

A

Adrenal gland

59
Q

What is a negative feedback hormonal regulation and an example?

A

It maintains balance and brings things back to normal, example would be regulating blood sugar

60
Q

What is a positive feedback hormonal regulation and an example?

A

It amplifies and it can get extreme, example would be childbirth

Biology 12 Exam (6 decks)

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