Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 12 Exam > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the sub-units of DNA called?

A

Nucelotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is each nucleotide made up of?

A

A sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ribose?

A

A sugar, like glucose, but with only five
carbon atoms in its molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is deoxyribose?

A

Almost the same as ribose but lacks one
oxygen atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the organic bases of DNA?

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a molecule of DNA formed by?

A

Millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DNA usually consists of a _______ strand of nucleotides?

A

Double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The strands are held together between the bases by what kind of bond?

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pairs of bases?

A
  1. Adenine and thymine
  2. Cytosine and guanine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The paired strands are coiled into a spiral called?

A

Double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The helix makes one complete twist every ____ nucleotides?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the length of a complete twist?

A

3.4 nanometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who discovered the chemical structure of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false, replication can occur at different sites within one DNA molecule at the same time?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Proteins that perform a function

17
Q

What does DNA girase do?

A

Relaxes the DNA molecule

18
Q

What does DNA helicase do?

A

Attaches at the “origin of replication site”, then breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the strands together

19
Q

True or false, DNA replication occurs on both strands simutaneously, but the processes are slightly different?

A

True

20
Q

True or false, DNA strands are anit-parralel?

A

True

21
Q

What does RNA primase do?

A

Searches for a specific DNA target sequence that instructs the enzyme to attach, then adds a short 10-60 sequence of base pairs called an RNA primer

22
Q

What does DNA Polymerase III do?

A

Searches for and attaches at the RNA primer site. Then begins adding free, matching nucleotides to the original 3’ strand

23
Q

What does DNA Polymerase I do?

A

Moves in and replaces the RNA primer

24
Q

What does DNA ligase do?

A

Seals the gap

25
Q

Replication occurring on the 5’ strand is known as?

A

Lagging strand

25
Q

Newly added nucleotide sequences are called?

A

Okazaki fragments

25
Q

How many new identical copies of the original DNA strand are there in the end?

A

Two

26
Q

What type of bond forms between the deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogen base?

A

Gycosyl

27
Q

The carbons of a deoxyribose sugar are number 1’ to 5’. Which carbon is attached to the nitrogen base?

A

1’

28
Q

In the ladder-like model of DNA, what do the steps/rungs consist of?

A

Nitrogen bases

29
Q

How many primers are required on the leading strand during DNA replication?

A

1

30
Q

DNA replication occurs in what direction?

A

5’ to 3’ direction only

Biology 12 Exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions